The Role of Built,Human, Social,and Natural Capital in Determining Land Values,and the Influence of Demographics upon this Relationship

Abstract

We use various statistical methods to compare the extent to which different households are willing to invest in and pay for access to four types of capital—built, human, natural, and social. We further assess to what extent such preferences can be predicted by a measure of neighbourhood demographics. We develop indicators for each of the four types of capital at the census block group level for Baltimore, MD, USA. We use analysis of variance to examine differences in these indicators between demographic groups and multiple linear regression to examine the influence on unimproved land values of the four types of capital.     

论新时期中国社会资本的流失与重构

社会资本是市场经济良性发展的必要因素,可以有效避免市场经济活动中的零和博弈现象,降低管理成本。目前中国的社会资本衰落,源于两个方面的因素：共同价值观的多元化和社会中信任的减少。重构社会资本,有赖于传统文化的复兴、执政党的示例作用和法制的加强。     

资本结构与绩效的相关性研究——基于上市公司年报的实证分析

现代公司财务理论是现代金融理论中最基础最重要的内容之一,而资本结构理论又在整个公司财务理论中举足轻重,本文从资本结构的基本理论入手,研究了我国上市公司资本结构的现状,并利用2009年上市公司披露的年报数据对资本结构和经营绩效的相关性进行了实证分析,以期能够对公司治理提供借鉴。     

Keynes and a post-Keynesian controversy over the effect of debt on income expansion

The paper considers arguments of Robertson (1938) and Asimakopulos (1983) that the Keynesian multiplier expansion of output may be constrained by debt implicitly incurred in the financing of autonomous investment necessary to start the multiplier process. The task of this essay is to show that within the ‘short-period’ and static analytical framework of Keynes, this line of reasoning regarding the adverse effects of debt on multiplier-induced expansions of output is unwarranted. Nevertheless it is concluded that if the Keynesian framework is abandoned in favour of a dynamic framework in the manner of a steady trend rate of growth - a choice dependent on how one conceives of the economy, as inherently static or dynamic - then such arguments have troubling implications. In particular, the dependence of Keynes's approach on credit and hence debt forges links between ‘short-periods' whose distinctness from one another is crucial to Keynes's result.     

Social economy and employment – the case of Sweden

Recent research has shown growing shares of employment in the social economy (or non-profit sector) both in the European Union and in the United States. In the EU, there seems to be growing hopes that the social economy will be capable of contributing to local progress on the unemployment issue in crisis regions. This paper analyses employment in certain entrepreneurial forms, usually considered belonging to the social economy, in Sweden during the 1990s. The results show considerable regional differences of employment in the social economy, but also that its share of the labor market is very limited. The effect of social-economic organizations on employment, therefore, is probably mainly indirect in as much as they function as platforms for cooperation between firms or else as embryos for enterprises by strengthening local entrepreneurship and helping to nurture a deposit of social capital which has visible effects on private business and jobs. However, these effects need more detailed examinations.     

金融危机与中国经济增长—基于省级面板数据实证分析

本文选取2008～2010年东、中、西部省市级18座代表城市的季度数据并运用面板数据模型,考察了金融危机对中国经济的影响。研究表明,出口额、实际利用外资、社会总消费水平对中国经济增长的相关关系为正数,但是出口额与实际利用外资对经济增长的贡献远不及社会总消费水平对中国经济增长贡献。因此得出,金融危机爆发后,中国经济主要依靠政府政策性调控,然而以政府为主导的经济增长方式并不利于经济的长期稳定发展。     

The effect of vaccination on children's physical and cognitive development in the Philippines

We use data from the Cebu Longitudinal Health and Nutrition Survey (CLHNS) in the Philippines to link vaccination in the first 2 years of life with later physical and cognitive development in children. We use propensity score matching to estimate the causal effect of vaccination on child development. We find no effect of vaccination on later height or weight, but full childhood vaccination for measles, polio, Tuberculosis (TB), Diphtheria, Pertussis and Tetanus (DPT) significantly increases cognitive test scores relative to matched children who received no vaccinations. The size of the effect is large, raising test scores, on average, by about half an SD.     

浅谈长输油气管道建设项目质量成本控制措施

介绍了项目质量成本的概念及内涵，分析了质量和成本之间的辩证关系，总结了消减质量成本的7项措施，并提出了质量改进成本投入与收益平衡分析的建议。实践证明，通过增加预防与改进成本，可提高项目施工质量，有效降低鉴定成本和非一致性成本，最终降低项目总的质量成本，大幅度提高项目经济效益。     

基于产业结构的物流成本探究

文章通过引入产业物流权重的概念,对传统的物流成本衡量指标进行修正,并采用标杆管理法,客观地分析了中国和美国在2001~2010年间的物流成本差距,进而更深刻地了解中国物流管理的发展现状,具有一定的理论与实践指导意义。     

矿业权价款只是国家出资勘查资本权益的回报——对矿业权价款制度扩大化的思考及建议

我国的矿业权价款制度是在特定历史条件下建立的,其本质是国家出资勘查资本权益的回报。近年来,矿业权价款制度的法定内涵已被全面突破,且愈演愈烈。矿业权价款制度扩大化,不仅直接干扰了以"维护国家对矿产资源的财产权益"为基本功能的资源补偿费制度的实施,而且已成为急功近利的饮鸩止渴之举,"以矿生财"的托词,实际上也是矿业权市场秩序混乱的源头之一。矿业权价款制度扩大化其深层次原因是理论混淆和认识误区,亟待进行理性思考并予以整顿规范。