债务重组对上市公司盈余管理的影响——基于沪市A股上市公司的经验证据

我国财政部在1998年、2001年和2006年先后颁布和修订了债务重组准则,不同准则下债务重组损益的确认与计量有所不同。在这三个阶段,上市公司是否利用债务重组进行盈余管理．盈余管理程度和动机是否有所不同？针对这些问题,文章选取1999年、2006年和2007—2011年沪市A股的债务重组上市公司为样本,采用描述统计和多元回归方法研究不同债务重组准则下债务重组对盈余管理的影响。研究表明：将债务重组损益计入营业外收支的公司其盈余管理程度要高于将债务重组损益计入资本公积的公司;ST公司通过债务重组收益来粉饰报表达到扭亏为盈的目的。     

Nonlinear Effects of Debt on Investment: Evidence from Dutch Listed Firms

Abstract

Nonlinear effects of debt on investment are investigated using an unbalanced panel of 94 Dutch listed nonfinancial firms during the period 1985–2000. Evidence shows that the nonlinear relation between debt and investment can be represented by a U curve, which contradicts the financial constraints theory. One possible explanation of the U curve relation between debt and investment may be the debt capital gain in the presence of inflation.     

Bankruptcy law and financial structure: The impact of managerial incentives

Abstract

Providing the manager of a firm with suitable incentives to act in the investors’ interest may be socially efficient, but not individually rational for the investors themselves. This paper specifies a second-best arrangement and shows how investors can be induced to implement it by means of an optimal bankruptcy code in the case where only standard financial contracts are available. It explains why bankruptcy law should, in some states of nature, let shareholders and senior creditors decide jointly, and provides a rationale for the existence of junior debt, which never enjoys any power of decision.     

Do UK firms manage earnings to meet dividend thresholds?

This paper examines earnings management by dividend-paying firms in cases where pre-managed earnings would fall below the expected dividend, and by non-dividend paying firms aiming to avoid reporting losses. We find that within the UK market the likelihood of upward earnings management is significantly greater in the former case than the latter, though both are drivers for earnings management. Large firms are less likely to upwardly manage earnings to reach dividend thresholds, consistent with prior UK evidence on the ability of the largest firms to avoid restrictive debt covenants. We also find that earnings management is more clearly observable through examining working capital discretionary accruals than through examining total discretionary accruals.     

考虑借款人债务利率结构的贷款保险定价研究

借款人债务不同的利率结构,会影响借款人未来对于银行贷款的偿债能力,给银行带来信贷风险,在利率市场化的环境中,这种影响将变得明显。基于期权定价思路建立起的贷款保险定价模型,能够较为准确地计量到上述风险。经算例分析发现：变动借款人任一债务的利率水平,都会引起贷款保险定价水平的同向变化;在借款人债务中,比贷款利率高的债务的占比具有推高贷款保险定价的作用,比贷款利率低的债务的占比具有降低贷款保险定价的作用。     

上市房地产企业零杠杆现象影响因素研究

我国上市房地产企业存在债务保守融资策略的零杠杆现象。基于1992～2010年的报表数据,运用Logistic回归方法,探究与企业融资策略有关的资金来源、企业特征变量、宏观经济环境和宏观政策四个方面的影响因素与企业是否选择零杠杆融资之间的相关性。实证结果表明,当货币资金、短期借款、商业信用融资充足,股票上市融资充分时,上市房地产企业倾向于零杠杆融资决策。与非零杠杆企业相比,这样的企业通常规模小、有形资产少、成长性高,对宏观经济环境变化敏感。     

地方债务风险有多高？——基于现实、潜在及引致风险的分析

文章从现实风险、潜在风险与引致风险三方面对我国地方债务风险进行了综合评估。基于现实风险的分析表明,我国地方政府债务风险似乎并不严重。基于潜在风险的分析表明,由于审计署公布的数据低估了债务规模,土地财政越来越不可持续,政府未来公共投资依旧会保持高速增长,我国地方债务的未来发展趋势需要决策者保持足够的警惕。基于引致风险的分析表明,地方债务衍生了较为集中的金融风险,并正在慢慢扩散,难以监管;引发了严重的通货膨胀,挤出了私人投资,阻碍了我国产业结构的升级;使国家在货币政策的运用上有所顾忌,房地产调控政策更加陷入两难境地。因此,综合分析表明,我国地方债务风险已经较为严重,化解地方债务风险迫在眉睫。     

我国地方政府性债务风险预警模型构建研究

运用多层次结构分析法建立指数指标,引入经济、社会等不可控性外生因素指标体系,提出债务风险评估的“逆向指标”和“正向指标”,并运用德尔菲法进行权重赋值。以此为基础,提出了加强地方政府性债务风险防范的政策建议：宏观上,改革现行的财政体制和官员考核机制;中观上,规范地方政府借债机制,建立债务风险预警机制;微观上,厘清地方政府与融资平台的关系,规范地方融资平台公司,实现商业化运作。     

The Asian economy: current state of play and future prospects

The global financial crisis, the so-called great world recession and recovery have had a serious impact on the Asian and global economies. Together, they managed to engender significant transformation in the contours of both the Asian and global economies. For instance, Asian economies presently depend less on markets in the advanced industrial economies and, due to their enlarging markets, can and did make a substantive contribution to the global recovery. They spearheaded the economic recovery from the global financial crisis. The post-crisis Asian economy is the third pole of the global economy. Significantly, the emerging market economies of Asia did not magnify the external shock this time and performed more like the advanced industrial economies. After a robust recovery in 2010, growth became somewhat subdued in 2011. Projections show that economic performance in the region in 2012 will not be very different from that in 2011 (see WB [World Bank] 2012).