On capital injections and dividends with tax in a diffusion approximation

We consider a diffusion approximation to a risk process with dividends and capital injections. Tax has to be paid on dividends, but capital injections lead to an exemption from tax. That is, tax is only paid for the aggregate excess of dividends over the capital injections. The value of a strategy is the expected value of the discounted dividend payments after tax minus the discounted capital injections. We solve the problem and show that the optimal dividend strategy is a barrier strategy.     

国企分红纳入国家财政预算问题研究

要正确判定国企分红究竟应该由谁来管理,就必须弄清楚国企分红究竟由谁管理最有效率,实现效益的最大化。由此出发,国企分红管理应该采取这样的模式,即由国资委负责编制国有资本预算,并负责收缴分红,然后一并汇总到财政部,具体使用情况由全国人大进行审查。     

现金分红、债务政策稳健性与公司业绩

上市公司现金分红和债务决策是资本市场关注的热点问题。文章以我国A股上市公司为研究对象,考察了现金分红与债务政策稳健性及其对企业业绩的影响关系。研究发现上市公司现金分红行为对公司债务政策稳健性有着显著的影响,相对于无现金分红公司而言,现金分红公司有着更高的债务政策稳健性;现金分红公司的业绩水平显著高于无现金分红公司的对应水平,说明上市公司现金分红行为对公司业绩的提升具有促进作用;在现金分红与公司业绩的关系中,债务政策稳健性具有显著的中介效应。上述研究结论对规范我国上市公司现金分红行为、揭示其对债务政策稳健性与公司业绩的影响具有一定的理论和实践意义。     

Population dividend and economic growth in China, 1978–2018

ABSTRACT

China witnessed important demographic transitions during the past 40 years. The significant decline in fertility rate, as a result of both policy change and economic factors, generated the so-called population dividends – rising proportion of working age population – during the past several decades. This paper demonstrates important channels through which broadly defined population dividends contribute to economic growth in China, by magnifying roles of capital, by improving labor quality, alongside increases in labor supply, and by strengthening labor mobility. As population aging now takes over from population dividends as the main demographic trend, it is possible for China to continue its strong growth by focusing on both the traditional growth factors, such as further reducing the proportion of agricultural workers, and new growth factors, such as further improving productivity by strengthening human capital and weakening institutional obstacles.     

股权分置、公司治理结构与现金股利分配

文章以2004-2007年中国上市公司为样本,从代理理论视角对股权分置改革前后我国公司治理与现金股利分配关系进行了理论与实证分析.研究结果表明,我国上市公司第一大股东倾向于现金股利分配,但这种情况在股权分置改革完成后有所改变;第二大股东持股比例、流通股比例以及独立董事人数等与现金股利支付率无关.同时,股改哑变量、盈利能力、成长性、偿债能力、公司规模与现金股利分配的关系可以用代理理论加以解释.     

大股东控制与利益输送方式选择——关联交易还是现金股利

尽管众多研究都表明股权高度集中环境下大股东会通过关联交易和现金股利来实现利益的输送,但很少有研究分析大股东实现利益输送目标的行为方式选择。本文对关联交易和现金股利两种利益输送方式的收益与成本进行分析,提出在既定利益输送程度的限制下,两种利益输送方式存在替代关系的假说。本文对2002～2005年我国上市公司关联交易与现金股利之间关系的实证检验证实这一假说成立,并且发现大股东不同持股比例下对关联交易和现金股利两种利益输送方式的选择也不同。本文对我国上市公司利益输送方式的选择提供了新的经验证据,也为我国股权结构对现金股利发放的影响提供了新的解释。     

交通运输业股权结构与股利政策关系的研究

文章以2005—2007年期间我国交通运输板块28家上市公司数据为样本,利用固定影响的panel data模型对我国的交通运输业上市公司的股权结构和股利分配进行研究和分析。研究结果表明,我国交通运输业上市公司股权结构对股利分配率有显著性影响,流通股比例对资本利得有着特殊偏好,与股利支付率负相关;第一大股东持股比例和第二大股东持股比例与股利支付率正相关,前十大股东持股比例平方和与股利支付率负相关。     

国企分红再分配与投资 决策价值相关性研究* ——基于国有资本红利返还的初步证据

以2007年以来颁布的有关规范国有资本收益收缴和资本预算制度为背景，本文考察了上市国有企业分红对其资本性投资支出决策价值相关性的影响机理。搜集以国有企业分红返还为代表的“体内循环”证据，通过国有股权比例衡量红利“体内循环”的预期操控强度，验证了国有股红利“体内循环”与企业资本性投资支出决策价值相关性的关系以及受国有资本收益收缴和预算制度的影响。本文指出的国资红利再分配的“两面性”，对混合所有制发展和国有企业市值管理均具有一定的理论和现实意义。     

Controlling Risk Exposure and Dividends Payout Schemes:Insurance Company Example

The paper represents a model for financial valuation of a firm which has control of the dividend payment stream and its risk as well as potential profit by choosing different business activities among those available to it. This model extends the classical Miller–Modigliani theory of firm valuation to the situation of controllable business activities in a stochastic environment. We associate the value of the company with the expected present value of the net dividend distributions (under the optimal policy). The example we consider is a large corporation, such as an insurance company, whose liquid assets in the absence of control fluctuate as a Brownian motion with a constant positive drift and a constant diffusion coefficient. We interpret the diffusion coefficient as risk exposure, and drift is understood as potential profit. At each moment of time there is an option to reduce risk exposure while simultaneously reducing the potential profit—for example, by using proportional reinsurance with another carrier for an insurance company. Management of a company controls the dividends paid out to the shareholders, and the objective is to find a policy that maximizes the expected total discounted dividends paid out until the time of bankruptcy. Two cases are considered: one in which the rate of dividend payout is bounded by some positive constant M, and one in which there is no restriction on the rate of dividend payout. We use recently developed techniques of mathematical finance to obtain an easy understandable closed form solution. We show that there are two levels u₀ and u₁ with u₀≤u₁. As a function of currently available reserve, the risk exposure monotonically increases on (0,u₀) from 0 to the maximum possible. When the reserve exceeds u₁ the dividends are paid at the maximal rate in the first case and in the second case every excess above u₁ is distributed as dividend. We also show that for M small enough u₀=u₁ and the optimal risk exposure is always less than the maximal.