浅析我国上市公司盈余管理手段

盈余管理是实证会计理论的一个重要领域 ,介绍了国外关于盈余管理动机和类型的研究成果 ,然后在此基础上探讨了在特殊制度背景下的我国上市公司盈余管理的手段 ,并对盈余管理进行了简要评价     

大股东资金占用与盈余管理

本文以深沪两市2000-2002年所有A股公司作为样本,研究了大股东的资金侵占与上市公司盈余管理的关系。实证结果表明,大股东及其附属公司对上市公司的资金侵占越严重,上市公司进行盈余管理的程度越高,说明大股东的资金占用不仅可能影响上市公司的经营业绩,还会降低上市公司会计信息质量。     

盈余信息风险的权益风险溢价研究——基于中国上市公司财务数据

盈余信息是公司金融与投资决策的主要依据之一。以三因素定价模型、流动性定价模型和多因素定价模型为比较检验基准模型,利用中国上市公司财务数据,本文探讨了总应计和线上项目的盈余信息风险对权益风险溢价是否具有显著的增量解释能力。研究表明,权益风险报酬对总应计利润信息风险的因素载荷为正,其反应比较显著;权益风险报酬对线上项目利润信息风险的因素载荷也为正,但是其反应程度不太显著。在综合考虑多种风险因素的情况下,总应计利润信息风险的因素载荷较大。     

公允价值计量对盈余管理的影响

公允价值仅仅是为了提高会计信息质量相关性而引入的一个计量属性,公允价值计量与盈余管理之间并无必然联系。但是,由于现阶段我国资本市场发展还不完善以及公允价值理论本身在运行中的一些缺陷,公允价值的引入很可能会成为上市公司进行盈余管理的工具。     

美国延迟退休激励机制分析——兼论对中国延迟退休年龄改革的启示

美国社会保障法案的颁布标志着现代社会保障制度的建立。在人口老龄化的背景下,美国对法定退休年龄和养老金领取年龄进行改革,逐步废除法定退休年龄,提高正常退休年龄,同时对养老保险制度中的退休收入核查制度进行调整,建立延迟退休补助制度,由此增强延迟退休对老年劳动力延迟退休的激励。美国废除法定退休年龄和延迟正常退休年龄的改革对中国延迟退休年龄改革提供了有益借鉴。     

An Anatomy Of Racial and Ethnic Trends in Male Earnings in the U.S

Progress in narrowing black–white earnings differences has been far from continuous, with some of the apparent progress resulting from labor force withdrawal among lower‐skilled African Americans. This paper documents racial and ethnic differences in male earnings from 1950 through 2010 using data from the decennial census and American Community Surveys. Emphasis is given to annual rather than weekly or hourly earnings. We take a quantile approach, providing evidence on medians and other percentiles of the distribution. Treatment of imputed earnings greatly affects measured outcomes. Hispanic men have exhibited earnings growth similar to white men over several decades. Black men have been left behind economically due in large part to increased joblessness, a process exacerbated by weak labor market conditions. By 2010, joblessness had risen to over 40 percent and the median black–white earnings gap was the largest in at least 60 years.     

新冠肺炎疫情下管理层业绩预告归因行为研究

基于A股上市公司2020年1—4季度业绩预告归因的研究发现,公司将业绩变化归因于新冠疫情的概率呈现随季度下降的趋势,坏消息归因于新冠疫情的概率显著高于好消息,且这种差异未随季度发生显著变化。业绩预告归因反映了管理层自利性归因与新冠疫情的叠加影响,且在特定情境下投资者能够识别自利性归因。研究结论从微观经济主体和利益相关者感知的角度展示了中国抗击新冠疫情的成效,也为监管部门规范重大外生冲击下的信息披露操纵行为提供了借鉴。     

盈余管理、审计意见与信贷期限

从债权人信贷风险防范视角出发,基于2009—2020年沪深A股上市公司微观数据,探讨我国转型期经济背景下企业盈余管理对债权人信贷期限的影响。研究发现：企业盈余管理行为的增加会对债权人信贷决策产生干扰,造成信贷期限延长、信贷风险增加,且这种影响在非国有企业中更为显著;引入外部治理机制后发现,审计意见在盈余管理和信贷期限的关系中发挥调节效应,即非标准审计意见会削弱盈余管理对债权人信贷期限决策的干扰;在经济后果方面,通过盈余管理手段获得的长期贷款会导致会计信息质量恶化、代理问题更加突出,进而对企业投资效率、创新水平和企业绩效产生负向影响。研究结论有助于完善债权人保护机制、提高银行信贷风险治理水平和创新综合监管模式,进而为相关部门制定政策建议提供有益指导和证据支持。     

Bank Earnings Management and Tail Risk during the Financial Crisis

We show that a pattern of earnings management in bank financial statements has little bearing on downside risk during quiet periods, but seems to have a big impact during a financial crisis. Banks demonstrating more aggressive earnings management prior to 2007 exhibit substantially higher stock market risk once the financial crisis begins as measured by the incidence of large weekly stock price “crashes” as well as by the pattern of full‐year returns. Stock price crashes also predict future deterioration in operating performance. Bank regulators may therefore interpret them as early warning signs of impending problems.     

Labor‐Market Institutions and Long‐Term Effects of Youth Unemployment

Graduating from a school during a time of adverse economic conditions has a persistent, harmful effect on workers’ subsequent employment opportunities. An analysis of panel data from OECD countries during the 1960–2010 periods reveals that a worker who experiences a 1 percentage point higher unemployment rate while the worker is 16–24 years old has a 0.14 percentage point higher unemployment rate at ages 25–29 years and 0.03 percentage points higher at ages 30–34 years. The persistence of this negative effect is stronger in countries with stricter employment protection legislation. A composite index for labor‐market rigidity is constructed and the index is shown to have positive correlation with the persistence. Moderating macroeconomic fluctuations is more important in countries that have more persistent labor‐market entry effects on subsequent outcomes.