Students' Motivation to Learn

ABSTRACT

Often called a “Discovery Major,” the parks, recreation, and tourism major tends to have more transfer students than other majors. Research has shown that educators sometimes perceive transfer students as less motivated than continuing students. This study explored differences between Parks, Recreation, and Tourism (PRT) students and non-PRT students who represented 52 majors on the University of Missouri-Columbia campus. Survey results confirmed that PRT students were more likely to have changed majors. Although PRT students reported lower ACT and GPA scores, no significant difference was found between the two groups in their motivation to learn. However, compared with non-PRT students, PRT students attributed more value to their major when they perceived having more control of their learning.     

Postmodern Values and Leisure in Young Spanish University Students: An Exploratory Study

This article reports exploratory research about tendencies toward postmaterialism in university students. This paper used the theoretical framework proposed by Inglehart regarding three categories of leisure: postmaterialist, materialist and common. Students from a Spanish university (N = 1036) completed questionnaires that evaluated their materialist-postmaterialist values, how often they practiced the activities included in each category of leisure and the motivational factors involved in them. The results revealed that university students showed a tendency toward postmaterialism. Further, relationships were found between materialist-postmaterialist values and categories of leisure. This study results suggested that the tendency toward postmaterialist values may be a factor in structuring the leisure patterns of young Spanish university students.     

A Structural Model of Leisure Constraints Negotiation in Outdoor Recreation

A conceptual model tested the leisure constraints negotiation process of outdoor recreation: motivation and the constraints to participate likely influenced by negotiation efforts. Higher motivation to participate encourages using negotiation strategies and resources to overcome constraints. Experiencing constraints was thought to trigger negotiation efforts. Drawing from social cognitive theory, negotiation-efficacy was proposed to encourage motivation, diminish the perception of constraints and promote negotiation efforts, which indirectly influenced positive participation. The model tested used data collected from a random sample of Arizona residents through hierarchical confirmatory factor analysis and structural equation modeling. Results support the conceptual model and suggest the constraints negotiation process is a dynamic interaction of influences promoting outdoor recreation participation.     

参会者的动机对会后行为的影响及参会决策模型——以"可持续和可替代性旅游国际研讨会"为例

会议旅游是重要的旅游细分市场之一,协会会议占会议市场70%以上,对协会会议进行研究具有重要的理论和现实意义。本文以协会会议中的研讨会为研究对象,选取有一定代表性的中国某学术会议进行实证研究,利用主成分分析和结构方程的分析方法,对学术会议参会者的动机及其参会决策过程进行了研究。获得如下发现:第一,中国学术会议参会者动机包括6大因子,显示出学术—关系的二元特征。第二,会后行为是参会动机和满意度二者影响之和。满意度作为中介变量对会后行为起着重要作用,参会动机对会后行为的影响起次要作用。第三,在上述发现的基础上对已有的参会决策模型进行了修正。     

An acceptance model for an Internet protocol television service in Korea with prior experience as a moderator

This study examines the effect of users' prior experience on the adoption behaviour in the Internet protocol television (IP TV) service domains. This article proposes a new acceptance model for an IP TV service considering the moderating effect of experience and verifies the model with an empirical study. Respondents are classified into either experienced or inexperienced groups according to their prior experience with the IP TV service. The results indicate that motivational factors used in our study affect behavioural intention. In addition, this study shows that the influence of extrinsic motivational factors on the behavioural intention are stronger for the experienced group than the inexperienced group and the influence of intrinsic motivational factors on the behavioural intention are stronger for the inexperienced group than the experienced group. This article concludes with study implications, as well as limitations and future research directions.     

c语言程序设计课程教学的探索

在C语言程序设计课程教学中，将激发学生学习的外在动机、培养学生学习的内在动机、使用程序案例教学以及向学生展示新的动画或游戏软件等措施进行综合利用，可取得较好的教学效果。     

Catching up on competitors: how organizations can motivate employees to work harder

The paper is an attempt to explain why some organizations are more competitive than others in terms of their human resources. It establishes under what circumstances some employees exert extra effort beyond the level required to keep their job and to get promotion by exploring the role of motivational forces that may complement the calculative considerations as suggested by expectancy theory. In a multivariate analysis proxies for five motivational mechanisms were tested, based on need theory, positive work disposition, intrinsic motivation, behavioural commitment as implied by organizational roles and social exchange theory. It emerged that all of them make their own contribution to the explanation of extra work effort.     

人民币区域化货币动因研究进展——基于CAFTA的实证研究

随着中国—东盟自由贸易区的顺利落成,意味着我国与东盟的经贸往来将变得更加密切,而人民币在东南亚的流通和使用就必然面临着人民币区域化。人民币区域化理论研究的突破应和如何把握CAFTA这个平台结合起来。本文通过综述相关文献来厘清人民币区域化的货币动因,并通过相关实证研究阐释CAFTA这个贸易平台对与人民币区域化顺利实施的重要意义。     

shopper taxonomy for retail strategy development

Segmentation of shoppers has been explored by many academic researchers and business practitioners seeking to understand shopping behaviour or to develop marketing strategies for particular customer groups. Market segmentation holds the key to successful marketing strategy as it encourages understanding of the key variables that differentiate specific segments.

The shopper taxonomy determined through this study is based on a set of variables that is relevant and appropriate for shopper segmentation and reflects the key aspects important to shoppers in motivating shopping behaviour towards a specific retail location. This taxonomy extends the proposed motivational taxonomy of Westbrook and Black (1985), derived from Tauber's (1972) earlier research. Westbrook and Black defined this taxonomy through shopping motives, and identified categories of product-oriented, experiential and a combination of product and experiential shoppers. Their research findings, however, pointed to a six-cluster typology, defining department stone shopping around seven motivations aligned with evaluating options and acquiring the products, engaging in the sales process and gaining stimulation and affiliation through the retail environment.

The “apathetic”, “shopping-processed involved” and “choice optimisation” shopper segments described by Westbrook and Black align with the “have to” “experiential” and “practical” “segments found in this study in terms of their focus on the shopping activity itself and the affiliation and stimulation motives associated with the shopping activity. Other associations between shopper segments across the two studies are less clear, and may be explained through the differing purposes for which the studies were undertaken and resulting variation in the measures used to define the motivational constructs.