Gender-based Barriers to Senior Management Positions: Understanding the Scarcity of Female CEOs

Although the number of women in middle management has grown quite rapidly in the last two decades, the number of female CEOs in large corporations remains extremely low. This article examines many explanations for why women have not risen to the top, including lack of line experience, inadequate career opportunities, gender differences in linguistic styles and socialization, gender-based stereotypes, the old boy network at the top, and tokenism. Alternative explanations are also presented and analyzed, such as differences between female leadership styles and the type of leadership style expected at the top of organizations, feminist explanations for the underrepresentation of women in top management positions, and the possibility that the most talented women in business often avoid corporate life in favor of entrepreneurial careers.     

Sex‐role conflict at work: its impact on consumption practices of working women in Turkey

Changing social norms regarding the role of women in society is fostered by women's participation in the workforce. Hence, changing role of working women in business life leads the transformation of gender stereotypes and roles. Women alter their gender role orientation according to the requirements of male‐dominated business life; however, the unchanged role in private life leads to sex‐role conflict. This study investigates the role of consumption as a key component of identity in the process of managing sex‐role conflict in a non‐Western cultural context. In‐depth interviews were conducted with working women with various cultural and educational backgrounds. According to the findings of the study, women are forming compatible identities, which reduce the perceived sex‐role conflict and consumption patterns are changing to suit the requirements of their new ways of living.     

世俗环境中的痛楚阴影与美丽光芒——影片万箭穿心的女性主义阐释

方方《万箭穿心》围绕普通女工李宝莉的婚姻悲剧，道尽了其处于生活中的种种痛苦。作者以冷峻的笔调揭露了现代女性生存之痛的内在原因，同时也反思女性在婚姻家庭生活中如何保持自我价值和尊严。     

中小企业女职工权益保障困境分析

女工权益保障水平受企业内在收益预期、内部制约与政府监管三方面影响，目前女工权益保障水平较低主要源于相关制度设计缺陷。因此，政府应鼓励企业职工成立“民间”工会组织，构建企业女工权益保障补偿机制，以期妥善解决有关问题。     

Women's employment patterns during the U.S. inter-war period: A comparison of two states

Establishment data from New York and Ohio, two U.S. states representing mature versus dynamic industrial sectors, are used to decompose changes in women's employment during economic fluctuations in the 1920s and 1930s. By decomposing changes in women's employment, one can distinguish between changes which reflect the gender distribution of employment between various industry categories and changes which reflect employer decisions to mobilize specific groups of workers. The empirical findings suggest that during the inter-war period, economic restructuring in Ohio's mass-production industries resulted in substitution toward women workers. Nevertheless, in both states, working women's segmentation into industries which were less hard hit by the Great Depression confined their employment losses. The results suggest that patterns of gender segmentation which are ordinarily quite rigid may be redefined during the political, social and cultural upheaval that accompanies economic restructuring.     

企业转型升级影响女职委工作的思考

目前,企业在转型升级过程中采取＂抢抓机遇开拓市场,优化结构加快转型,强化管理增创效益＂等一系列措施,造成不少女职工转岗、待岗、内退,从而引发家庭矛盾。文章从法律角度探究女职工待岗、内退引发家庭矛盾的问题,并提出相应对策,值得转型企业深入思考。     

人力资本视角下留守儿童问题研究

农村劳动力转移引发了留守儿童问题。本文从人力资本的视角分析了留守儿童的现状以及引致留守儿童问题的原因,提出从二元经济结构社会下的制度改革入手,突破二元户籍管理制度的约束,消除城市社会对农民工的歧视,以从根本上解决留守儿童问题,为全社会经济的持续稳定发展提供人力资本保证。     

“Women Home and Away”: Transnational Managerial Work and Gender Relations

This article addresses the intersections, even blurrings, of two “homes” and two “aways” – the personal, ‹private’ home and the corporate ‹public’ ‹away’, and the national home country and corporate base and the transnational work away. Drawing on 40 semi-structured interviews with women and men top and middle managers in seven multinational corporations located in Finland, we examine the complex relations among transnational managerial work, corporate careers and personal, marriage and family-type relations, and their differences for women and men managers. This shows the very different personal and social worlds inhabited by senior women and men managers, and how transnational processes can make those differences even greater.

Revisiting Gender Role Stereotyping in the Sales Profession

This paper revisits the issue of gender stereotypes in sales professions given new views of what makes for effective sales performance and sales management. Women's continued disadvantaged position in the sales profession is documented, and the role of gender role stereotypes in sustaining this situation in the profession is examined. The paper then turns to the newly emerging, ostensibly "pro-female", view of sales. This emphasises the importance of building and sustaining relationships – qualities that women have traditionally been stereotyped as "good" at. Despite the positive emphasis accorded to women's skills in this new sales landscape, the ethical problems which arise from constructing this debate around the issue of gender are explored. In particular, the extent to which the view of women as "good at relationships" constitutes a stereotype is examined, and the value of this stereotype for redressing women's disadvantaged position from the perspectives of justice and utility is set out. In the final part of the paper we look at potential avenues for future theory and research which may help bring into focus a new view of gender role stereotypes in sales.