我国制造业进出口隐含污染分析:基于投入产出的方法

使用非竞争型投入产出表,核算了我国1976-2004年制造业28个行业6种污染物进出口隐含污染的BEET指标值和PTT指标值,并分析了我国进出口隐含污染的规模效应和结构效应。研究结果表明,我国进口和出口的规模效应为正且逐年增长,20世纪90年代以后出口规模效应逐渐大于进口规模效应;出口的结构效应基本小于零,进口的结构效应不明确,我国的产业结构调整和升级可能有利于减少我国进出口的净隐含污染量。此外,制造业出口隐含污染主要来源于纺织、塑料、机械设备和工业化学这四个行业。     

改良剂修复重金属污染土壤及环境风险评价

采用改良剂修复技术治理重金属污染土壤是一种有效的技术,土壤改良后的风险评估是一项重要内容。综述了改良剂修复重金属污染土壤后的环境风险评估方法和分析方法,并对今后的研究进行了展望。     

基于内部控制视角的企业环境风险管理研究——以紫金矿业为例

以紫金矿业重大环境污染事故为例，文章对企业内部控制五大要素进行了分析，以探讨企业环境风险管理不当的成因。研究发现，造成环境污染事故的主要原因是企业内部控制失效。因而文章认为，建立并良好执行以风险为导向的内部控制制度，有助于企业加强环境风险管理，履行社会责任，提升企业的外部竞争优势。同时建议监管部门应出台上市公司环境信息披露的强制制度，提供标准化的环境披露规范。     

Motivations and Barriers to Corporate Environmental Management

This paper integrates two conceptual frameworks, utility maximization and institutional theory, to analyze voluntary corporate environmental management. The utility maximization or economic approach centers on motivations to decrease cost, increase revenue and improve manager utility. Institutional theory emphasizes how external pressures from market and non‐market constituents shape the firm's environmental efforts. We view the two frameworks as complementary and postulate a model that includes both types of influences. Survey data from six major industries consisting of a diverse set of facilities are used to estimate the effects of economic and institutional factors on a facility's use of environmental practices and pollution‐prevention activities. Our results support the hypothesized model, and show that cost barriers, management attitudes toward environmental stewardship, company ownership and external institutional forces, including competitiveness, investor and regulatory pressures, all affect a facility's environmental practices and pollution prevention activities. Findings suggest that a multifaceted policy strategy is needed to advance corporate environmental management across diverse firms. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment     

浅析我国环境污染责任保险面临的问题与对策

环境污染责任保险在我国推广的过程中取得了一定的成就,但同时也暴露出一些问题。本文在对存在的问题进行分析的基础上,提出了完善我国环境污染责任保险的对策,以期对我国环境污染责任保险的推广有所裨益。     

经济增长与环境

在政府不参与环境控制时,经济增长率最高,但污染也最严重,社会福利要比政府采取补贴情形时低.通过建立模型推导出了在放任政策下的经济增长率是最快的,但污染比较严重。     

外贸增长方式转变的环境效应实证研究——基于山东的数据分析

通过对山东省外贸出口、FDI与工业废水排放量关系的实证分析研究了外贸增长方式转变的环境效应,认为FDI对环境污染有抑制作用,但作用较小而且入世后较入世前作用降低;外贸出口加剧了环境污染,但入世后总体污染程度较入世前降低,最后提出相关政策建议。     

对广东省环境污染成因的理论研究

经济发展导致了环境污染,而监测部门的统计数据是从不同方面对环境状况的反映,这不可避免带来了信息重叠、多指标难以进行比较分析的困难。本文应用主成分分析法及聚类分析法,根据广东省空气污染和治理方面等实际情况作了一定的简化、分析及研究,并给出了相应的解决方案与对策。     

THE INTERNALISATION OF ENVIRONMENTAL EXTERNALITIES AFFECTING DWELLINGS: A REVIEW OF COURT CASES IN HONG KONG

In 1960, Ronald Coase suggested that there are many methods to solve the problem of externalities apart from imposing Pigovian taxes. Internalisation is one of those noted in his classic paper, ‘The Problem of Social Cost’. This paper studies the possibility of residents receiving compensation from pollutant generators. Data collected from Hong Kong law reports over the past 20 years show that there is forty‐fold increase in number of water seepage court cases since the first case in 1994. The total amount of compensation has also increased greatly. There are, however, far fewer court cases where residents seek compensation from generators of noise and air pollution. This may reflect a combination of high transaction costs and low expected benefits from such cases.     

高校化学实验室几种废液的处理方法探索

高校化学实验室产生的废液不经处理便直接排入下水道,势必给环境和人类健康带来较大危害。针对这些问题,文章探索了几种方法对废液进行简单有效的处理和回收。