Growth of China's foreign exchange reserve

China's growing foreign exchange reserve is estimated to exceed $2 trillion by 2010. The purpose of its paper is to examine its impact on the balance sheet of the Chinese central bank, the money supply and the bond market. The paper will then move on to discuss its social welfare effect by comparing the estimated future return of the foreign exchange reserves with its opportunity costs measured by the potential return of domestic investments.     

“国军”福利品供应站顾客消费特性及营销策略之研究

本研究首先经由文献探讨，界定“国军”福利品供应站在业态别中的角色，应类似于超级市场的综合商品零售商的角色。而後透过问卷设计调查，SWOT分析及深度访谈等方式，提出福利品供应站在经营及营销策略上除了强调商品售价低廉外，也应着重于强调保证商品质量的宣传力度，并以更具弹性的手法来引进或汰换商品，并且尽可能提供更多的商品选择性，而後利用邻近小区或都会区的营区来增加责场地点或以租赁场地方式采用小规模小区型售场的方式大量展店，并以更多元的方式促销，建立完整顾客数据库，提高宣传效率及全面开放信用卡消费等积极性方式作为推动策略。     

中国人口老龄化与居民储蓄之间关系的实证分析——基于1979年—2007年的数据

文章使用1979年—2007年中国居民人均储蓄、人均GDP、人口老少比和实际利率的数据,利用向量自回归模型（VAR）,分析了人口老龄化对居民人均储蓄的影响效应,分析结果显示,在中国处于人口老龄化的初期阶段,中国居民的高储蓄是应对人口老龄化的理性选择。随着人口老龄化趋势的快速发展,中国将快速进入中度老龄化阶段,伴随着劳动力数量和比例的下降,居民人均储蓄将会呈现下降趋势。     

中国养老保险最优缴费率的实证分析——基于贴现因子和劳动增长率差异的分析

从个人效用和社会福利最大化的角度出发,养老保险制度存在着最优的缴费率.最优缴费率与资本产出弹性a、未来效用的贴现因子p、人口增长率n、有效劳动增长率g、个人工资与社会平均工资的比例λ等参数有关.结合中国现实,在其他参数不变的前提下,依据贴现因子和劳动增长率的变动能够形成四组组合模式.模拟结论表明,现行养老保险制度的社会统筹缴费率是符合福利最大化的最优缴费率;现行养老保险制度的个人账户缴费率与实现福利最大化的最优个人账户缴费率相比是偏低的;缴费期的长短与最优社会统筹缴费率的高低成正比而与最优个人账户缴费率的高低成反比;有效劳动增长率的高低与最优社会统筹缴费率成正比而与最优个人账户缴费率成反比.     

农村居民点土地整理的效益评价方法探讨

对农村居民点土地整理效益评价研究能够为土地整理工作科学、合理地实施提供理论支持,农村居民点土地整理效益评价必须能够全方位涵盖其综合效益的内涵,全面计算影响农村居民点土地整理效益的所有土地、自然、社会、经济因素。该文以奈门沁村为例,运用定性、定量、动态及实证研究方法,确定所研究区域内农村居民点土地整理效益大小。     

民营银行准入的福利效应研究

文章为改善中小企业融资难困境,文章运用信贷配给模型,讨论民营银行准入这项政策的福利效应问题。文章认为在我国金融结构发生深刻变化情况下,民营银行准入不会克服信息不对称这一根源性问题,准入的资产业务内容不同,民营银行的福利效应也会不同,总体上说这一政策的福利效应是有限的。     

我国转型期GDP的含义:一种新的视角

GDP包括消费、投资、政府支出和净出口四项内容,也可以将其分成私人支出和政府支出,是私人选择和公共选择的总和。政府支出反映了居民总体的意愿选择,因此,也就包含了公众对环境保护和社会公平等方面的要求。对我国转型期经济而言,进一步深化经济体制改革,拓宽居民表达意愿的途径,可以使GDP更好地体现居民的意愿选择,从而提高整体福利水平。     

福利满意度对员工工作态度的影响机理分析

福利满意度作为员工对企业福利制度和措施的一种感受和评价,对员工的工作态度和行为产生很重要的影响。文章分析了福利满意度对企业员工工作态度及行为的影响机理,并指出人力资源管理者在提高员工福利满意度,端正员工的工作态度,减少员工离职行为的过程中应当注意的问题。     

Government spending, capital accumulation and the optimal policy rule: The role of public service capital

In this paper, we modify the Djajić [Djajić, S., 1987. “Government Spending and the Optimal Rates of Consumption and Capital Accumulation,” Canadian Journal of Economics 20, 544–554.] model in such a way that government consumption expenditure provides utility to households via the total stock of government services rather than the government consumption flow alone. By using such a framework, we show that the optimality condition for the public service capital stock is the marginal rate of substitution between public service capital and consumption that equals the intertemporal marginal rate of transformation between the two goods. In addition, we show that the relationship between private consumption and public service capital in a household's utility plays an important role in determining the transitional behavior of relevant variables. We also examine the second-best government consumption expenditure policy. By contrast, in the standard flow specification, e.g., Turnovsky and Brock [Turnovsky, S.J. and Brock, W.A., 1980. “Time Consistency and Optimal Government Policies in Perfect Foresight Equilibrium,” Journal of Public Economics 13, 183–212.], Ihori [Ihori, T., 1990. “Government Spending and Private Consumption,” Canadian Journal of Economics 23, 60–69.], and Turnovsky and Fisher [Turnovsky, S.J. and Fisher, W.H., 1995. “The Composition of Government Expenditure and its Consequences for Macroeconomic Performance,” Journal of Economic Dynamics and Control 19, 747–786.], the second-best government consumption expenditure is decided on the basis that the marginal utility of consumption is equal to the discounted sum of the marginal utility of the government's flow spending.     

The Analysis of Welfare Effects of an Environmental Product Tax: An Application to the Taxation of Car Tyres in Hungary

A sophisticated welfare analysis developed by Morris and Kis (1996) is presented here for the study of the effect of a product charge tax on the car tyre market in Hungary. The analysis is extended and complemented in this paper by, first, using the AIDS model and an algorithm developed by Galarraga and Markandya (2000) to estimate demand elasticities from limited data and, second, including the income effects into the analysis. The latter does not have much impact on the results but the generalisation of the model might be useful for the analysis of different goods where the proportion of income spent on them is more important.