中国科技政策良好体现环境保护的影响因素研究

随着绿色发展上升为事关国家发展理念的全局性政策需求,环境保护因素如何良好地体现在中国公共政策体系尤其是非环境保护类公共政策体系中已成为一个全局性、战略性和跨部门的重大政策问题。然而,现有研究对中国科技政策体现和推动环境保护的作用及其背后影响因素和规律的探索却较少。从公共科技政策对环境保护具有系统重要性的视角切入,通过对1949-2015年全时段、全样本量的中国体现环境保护因素的科技政策变迁进行结构化或半结构化政策文本分析,回答“哪些因素影响着环境友好型公共科技政策的形成”这一研究问题。研究结论是中国科技政策体现环境保护的政策安排具有阶段性特征,“多”并不必然等于“好”。进一步指出,当前环境友好型公共科技政策需要具备政策制定高度、清晰的高层次全局动员治理手段、高效的多部门政策协同和充分的各级资源配置4个方面。力图在理论层面拓展非环境保护类公共政策体现及推动环境保护的政策体系框架,并首次在实践层面就改进中国科技政策对环境保护的体现给出了相应定量值,以测度什么样的“多”才会等同于“好”,不仅将加强对环境保护与科技政策之间关系的认知,还将为环境友好型公共科技政策的制定提供参考。     

India and Indonesia: Lessons Learned from the 2013 Taper Tantrum

In May 2013, the US Federal Reserve began to talk about the possibility of ending its program of quantitative easing. This tapering talk had a significant impact on five main emerging-market countries—Brazil, India, Indonesia, South Africa, and Turkey (the ‘Fragile Five’)—whose exchange rates weakened dramatically and whose stock and bond markets were hit hard. This series of events is now known as the ‘taper tantrum’. In response to the tantrum, these five countries each took a series of macroeconomic policy measures to relieve pressure in their financial markets. Indonesia and India handled the problem in the shortest time (about seven months) and achieved macro-economic stabilisation. This article examines how Indonesia and India managed to remain relatively unscathed by the taper tantrum and escape the Fragile Five. It looks at which policies the two countries adopted at the time, and why they chose them, as well as why India's economy performed better than Indonesia's after the tantrum.     

Is Decoupling Possible? Association between Affluence and Household Carbon Emissions in the Philippines

This paper investigates whether or not affluence is associated with carbon emissions at the household level in the Philippines. While there is abundant literature on this issue, limited studies are available for developing countries. We estimate household carbon emissions by combining input–output analysis with household expenditure. The results suggest that household carbon emissions are increasing non‐monotonically with a non‐existent turning point as households accumulate more assets. This is further supported by quintile estimates showing huge disparity in emissions between poor and rich households. Although household carbon emissions in the Philippines are not alarming, evidence suggests that it is likely households will lead a carbon‐intensive lifestyle as they become more affluent.     

Equity and asset growth among Subchapter S banks

Since 2004, commercial banks in the United States have been allowed to elect Subchapter S (hence Sub-S) status with up to 100 shareholders. That limitation may promote more effective monitoring of bank managers by shareholders which can, in turn, explain previous findings of superior performance among Sub-S banks. The present research focuses on the possibility that the shareholder limitation also constrains opportunities for bank growth, or a slow growth hypothesis for Sub-S banks. Using a differences-in-differences regression approach for a sample of community banks (i.e., less than $1b in assets) from 2004 to 2014, and controlling for initial assets and urban location, it is found that annual growth in real assets and equity was significantly higher among banks that never held Sub-S status than for banks that always held Sub-S status, and that banks switching to Sub-S later grew significantly faster than those that always held Sub-S status. Fixed effects regressions show that switching to Sub-S status significantly reduced equity growth, with asset growth significantly reduced after 2008. In conjunction with earlier findings, the results suggest that the availability of Sub-S status helped to protect and strengthen community banks across a time period including substantial financial turmoil.     

专利市场化视角下校企发明专利维持时间影响因素比较研究

专利市场化水平通过对专利权人预期收益率的影响与专利维持时间产生联系。对高校和企业发明专利维持时间及其影响因素进行比较,可为提升高校专利市场化水平提供借鉴。从专利市场化视角出发,以华为和华南理工大学（以下简称“华工”）为例,运用回归分析方法对发明专利维持时间影响因素进行研究。结果发现,华为发明专利维持时间较长,且在审查时间、发明人数和权利要求数方面存在较大差异;各自变量对二者发明专利维持时间的解释力度亦有区别。为提升高校专利市场化水平,提出应强化知识产权创造市场导向、优化发明专利性质布局、强化发明专利专业属性、促进校企科研合作等合理化建议。     

知识产权融资服务体系构建研究

知识产权融资存在法律制度不完善、资产评估水平低、质物处置难、银行无形资产运作能力弱等问题,在借鉴国外中小企业融资服务体系成功经验的基础上,提出了构建知识产权融资服务体系,包括融资供给系统、融资保证系统、融资辅导系统,然后从完善知识产权融资法律法规、提高商业银行知识产权融资服务水平、发展政策性金融、建立健全企业信用担保机制、建设知识产权融资辅导平台等方面,提出了融资服务体系的建设策略。     

中国家庭债务和资产积累关系的实证分析:1997-2008

笔者运用1997年～2008年中国家庭债务和家庭资产积累的时间序列数据,定量分析了家庭负债和家庭资产积累的关系。研究发现,家庭债务和家庭资产积累存在同向的长期均衡关系,家庭债务的变动会影响家庭资产的积累。笔者提出促进家庭资产合理配置和防范中国家庭债务快速增长带来的消极后果的相关建议,旨在为决策部门制定合理的经济政策提供参考。     

对资源型城市发展动力模式的探索与思考

我国传统资源型城市发展过于依赖“外力型一自上而下”发展动力,必须探索多种动力综合协调的发展动力模式,实现资源型城市经济社会可持续发展。借鉴社区发展动力“内一外／上一下”二维模型（IFE模型）,“外力型一自上而下”、“外力型一自下而上”、“内生型一自上而下”、“内生型一自下而上”四种发展动力应该统筹兼顾、平行发展,需要进行政策和体制创新。应设立资源型城市综合配套改革试验区,重视民营经济和“非正规经济”,并激活全民创业精神。     

进城务工人员住房需求与应对策略——基于重庆的调查分析

重庆市进城务工人员中绝大部分希望通过购买政府提供的经济适用房或租住政府提供的廉租房来解决其在城里长期务工期间的住房问题,但目前的经济适用房价格远远高于其经济承受能力和对房价的心理预期,因此,他们希望政府为其购买经济适用房提供优惠,提供更多的廉租房或给予房租补助。根据进城稳定就业群体的住房需求,重庆市应采取＂近期以主城、以廉租房建设为主,远期以区域中心城市和城镇、以经济适用房为主＂的策略,解决好进城务工人员的住房问题。     

优化中国人民银行企业信用报告出具制度探讨

人民银行企业信用信息基础数据库已经联网运行近4年,企业信用报告的用途也日益广泛。然而,当前人民银行企业信用报告出具制度仍存在着企业信用报告版本单一、防伪标志缺乏、企业信用报告部分内容缺失、企业征信数据查询使用的规范性文件缺乏等问题。今后,应根据企业信用报告的不同用途、建立企业信用报告的不同版本,增加信用报告防伪标识,加盖信用报告查询专用章,增加相应的信用报告说明部分等,以优化人民银行企业信用报告出具制度。