Modelling economic growth with internal and external imbalances: Empirical evidence from Portugal

Thirlwall's Law considers that growth can be constrained by the balance-of-payments when the current account is in permanent deficit. The Law focuses on external imbalances as impediments to growth and does not consider the case where internal imbalances (budget deficits or public debt) can also constrain growth. The recent European public debt crisis shows that when internal imbalances are out of control they can constrain growth and domestic demand in a severe way. The aim of this paper is to fill this gap by developing a growth model in line with Thirlwall's Law that takes into account both internal and external imbalances. The model is tested for Portugal which recently fell into a public debt crisis with serious negative consequences on growth. The empirical analysis shows that the growth rate in Portugal is in fact balance-of-payments constrained and the main drawback is the high import elasticity of the components of demand and in particular that of exports.     

IPv4/IPv6过渡技术研究

随着Internet的高速发展,现有的互联网核心协议IPv4的许多不足逐渐暴露出来,已经阻碍了Internet的发展。为了解决IPv4的不足,业界研发了下一代Internet协议IPv6。从IPv4升级到IPv6将有一个长期的过渡过程。而要实现IPv4/IPv6的互操作,必须进行IPv4/IPv6转换网关的研究。     

IPv6与IPv4隧道技术的编程模拟

IPv6协议是因特网的新一代通信协议,如何实现从IPv4到IPv6的平滑过渡是IPv6发展目前急需解决的关键问题.     

IPV4过渡IPV6校园网技术研究（基于H3C产品）

本文分析了IPv6的技术特点和目前校园网的主要困难,探讨了基于IPv6的校园网的过渡键技术.     

Competitive equilibria in economies with multiple indivisible and multiple divisible commodities

In this paper we consider a general equilibrium model with a finite number of divisible and a finite number of indivisible commodities. In models with indivisibilities it is typically assumed that there is only one divisible good, which serves as money. The presence of money in the model is used to transfer the value of certain amounts of indivisible goods. For such economies with only one divisible commodity Danilov et al. showed the existence of a general equilibrium if the individual demands and supplies belong to a same class of discrete convexity. For economies with multiple divisible goods and money van der Laan et al. proved existence of a general equilibrium if the divisible goods are produced out of money using a linear production technology and no other producers are present in the model.     

Sources of Competitive Rivalry in Japan

The fact of the Japanese competitive success on a world scale is well established and we have been offered many reasons for that success. But we know much less about their competitiveness on their domestic markets. And we know even less of the underlying sources of their competitive behavior. Nigel Campbell has studied many facets of Japanese life—the history and culture, the geography and economic structure, the present-day patterns of thinking—and draws for us the structure of the rivalry that we see expressed in global competition. His article is a useful background for any manager seeking a competitive advantage.     

Expected job loss in East Germany shortly before German unification

We investigate expectations concerning future job loss in the former German Democratic Republic (East Germany) shortly before the economic, monetary and social union in July 1990. In order to model these expectations, we take detailed account of individual heterogeneity, the availability and interpretation of information, and the economic and social environment of the individual. Our data base is the Socio-Economic Panel (SOEP) East. We find that, with some exceptions, East Germans hold expectations comparable to those held by indivduals having experienced a market economy, which is surprising given the lack of such an economy in the previous German Democratic Republic.Since these expectations are only observed ordinally, an adequate estimation method is the ordinal logit model. The corresponding stochastic assumptions are tested extensively using pseudo-Lagrange multiplier tests against omitted variables, non-linearity, asymmetry of distribution and heterosedasticity. Furthermore, we apply Hausman tests to check the validity of the classification of the endogenous variable.     

应用六西格玛(6σ)管理提高银行的顾客满意度

21世纪企业的竞争是服务与质量的竞争,六西格玛(6σ)管理对顾客的关注使其不同于以往的质量管理理论与方法。通过一个银行服务系统的例子来说明6σ管理对顾客满意方面的关注和实施,最后指出6σ管理实施的基本要素。     

基于IPv6网络下的视频电话系统的实现

首先对IPv6协议的基本原理和视频电话的相关协议及技术进行了分析和研究,介绍了DirectShow开发框架的主要概念和框架结构,并详细分析了视频电话系统的实现原理。     

Risk sharing across generations without publicly owned equities

The U.S. Social Security trust fund currently invests in government bonds. Investing some of it instead in equities while continuing to pay Social Security benefits under existing rules would alter—potentially improve—the sharing of financial risks across non-trading generations. This paper shows that the same risk sharing can be achieved without direct government ownership of equities if instead the government places a linear and symmetric tax on risky private capital returns. This equivalence is very robust and holds even if some agents are endogenously borrowing constrained.