中国银行业参与碳金融的模式研究

碳金融发展前景广阔,已经成为银行业新的利润增长点.尽管我国是原始CDM市场中最大的卖家,但处于全球碳金融产业链的最底端,并不具备话语权.文章通过分析国外银行业参与碳金融的实践,结合中国银行业参与碳金融的现状,从碳交易平台及交易制度建设、多样化碳基金的设立、碳金融衍生品的创新和业务领域拓宽、碳金融中介服务功能的完善、碳金融领域的国际交流与合作及风险控制等方面探讨了中国银行业碳金融业务的发展模式.     

Buyer Liability and Voluntary Inspections in International Greenhouse Gas Emissions Trading: A Laboratory Study

This paper reports a preliminary laboratoryexperiment in which traders make investments toincrease the reliability of tradableinstruments that represent greenhouse gasemissions allowances. In one half of thesessions these investments are unobservable,while in the other half traders can invitecostless and accurate inspections that makereliability investments public. We implement abuyer liability rule, so that if emissionsreductions are unreliable (i.e., sellersdefault), the buyer of the allowances cannotredeem them to cover emissions. We find thatallowing inspections significantly increasesthe reliability investment rate and overallefficiency. Prices of uninspected allowancesusually trade at a substantial discount due tothe buyer liability rule, which provides astrong market incentive for sellers to investin reliability.     

一种提高无线环境中TCP性能的改进方案

本文针对无线信道的特点提出了一种用于提高无线环境中TCP性能的改进方案－Wireless-TCP，通过尝试对TCP的拥塞控制中时间的算法进行调整并增加Probe模块以应对无线信道中的长时间中断，保证TCP连接的存在，通过爱立信通信实验室的仿真实验验证了该改进方案的有效性。     

试析特别保障措施条款的非公正性与双重危害性

2002年8月13日,印度针对中国出口的工业用缝纫机针,启动了全球第一起针对中国的特别保障措施调查。随后,欧盟、美国等发达国家相继对中国纺织品实施特别保障措施,限制中国纺织品的出口,最近势头更加猛烈。日本、美国、欧盟、加拿大、韩国、印度等国家纷纷制定或修订了相关的国内法,以备在必要时采取特别保障措施。近期,波兰、巴西、哥伦比亚、阿根廷、南非等发展中国家也纷纷做出决定,对中国纺织品实施特别保障措施。专门针对中国产品的特别保障措施的频繁实施,已越来越显示出“团伙化”迹象,中国纺织品出口陷入四面楚歌的境地。本文就中国“入世”后遭遇的这个“阻击手”——特别保障措施条款产生的背景、不公正性、对中国及实施国的危害性等问题进行研究、探讨。     

Economic Growth and CO2 Emissions in the European Union

This paper examines the relationship between economic growth and CO₂ emissions in the European Union. A panel data analysis for the period 1981 to 1995 is applied in order to estimate the relationship between Gross Domestic Product (GDP) growth and CO₂ emissions in ten selected European countries. The analysis shows important disparities between the most industrialised countries and the rest. The results do not seem to support a uniform policy to control emissions; they rather indicate that a reduction in emissions should be achieved by taking into account the specific economic situation and the industrial structure of each EU member state.     

Comparative assessment and essential analysis on new international GHG emission reduction proposals

Since Kyoto Protocol came into force on February 16, 2005, the endeavor by international society to combat the climate change has stepped into a new milestone. The greenhouse gas （GHG） abatement mechanisms in Kyoto Protocol have served a remarkable function but also been questioned during the practices of past three years about its environmental effectiveness. A lot of new international GHG emission reduction proposals are proposed from many new a.spects, some of which especially impose pressure on developing countries. So it is of great importance to research on these new proposals in time for negotiation beyond Kyoto and institution of Chinese relevant climate policies. As this paper focutses on the way of commitment distribution of mechanisms, the mechanisms here are categorized in one of two types： those distribute commitment based on countries and those based on sectors. Some of the typical mechanisms are selected to be analyzed comparatively, especially about their influence on developing countries,E-mail address： jiangdongmei@tsinghua.edu.cn     

APEC气候变化合作与中国的策略选择

文章对APEC气候变化合作的背景、发展、意义和前景进行了政治经济分析,并着重阐释了美国和日本的气候政策及其对APEC气候变化合作的影响。在此基础上,文章指出了中国参与APEC气候变化合作的必要性,并提出了相应的对策建议。     

浅论全球化时代的环境外交--以《京都议定书》为例

当环境问题国际化,环境外交便应运而生.经过几十年的发展,全球化时代的环境外交呈现出新的特点和样式.因为环境外交产生的多种效应,使得国际社会各国及其他新兴主体都积极参与其中,这也给我国的环境外交很多启示.     

《名古屋议定书》履约挑战与对策--以植物制剂行业为例

文章以高度依赖生物遗传资源的植物制剂行业为例,研究分析了我国《名古屋议定书》履约工作与生物技术产业可持续发展所面临的共同挑战。当前,我国生物遗传资源保护和管理方面存在生物遗传资源引出规模大但专利保护少,被引出遗传资源信息不透明,企业未落实“获取与惠益分享”相关管理要求等问题。要加强对国内企业的监管,发挥行业协会帮扶作用,促进我国《名古屋议定书》履约工作和产业发展协同增效。其中,对国家监管措施建议:(1)完善“获取与惠益分享”(A B S)法律框架;(2)成立国家级的主管机构,推动构建ABS国家管理体系;(3)明确ABS国家管理体系承担的具体职责。对行业协会帮扶措施建议:(1)为企业提供信息、知识、工具,加强能力建设,帮助企业了解相关国际性公约及法律政策;(2)在《行业指引》等规划文件中纳入A B S要求和指标;(3)研究外国获取我国生物遗传资源的隐蔽性,为政府部门制定相应监管办法提供建议;(4)增加基础研究投资,促进国内生物科技创新和产业可持续发展。