Institutions matter,but which ones?

The purpose of this paper is to go beyond the narrow focus of the current institutional economics literature in development on the institutions protecting individual property rights, and to look at the economic effects of some other aspects of institutional quality on the development process (like democratic participation rights and institutions to address coordination failures). Another purpose is to suggest an alternative instrumental variable in quantifying the effects of property rights institutions. Finally, we speculate how, on account of distributive conflicts, institutions that have an adverse effect on economic performance often tend to persist for long periods of time in many poor countries.     

基于区域合作的无障碍旅游机制构建

我国旅游业已进入区域协同与跨区域竞争的时代,其发展趋势是实现区域旅游合作。旅游业区域合作的目标就是在一定区域范围内构建无障碍旅游机制，实现一体化，使区域旅游要素可以实现最大限度的自由流动，实现旅游资源的最优配置。     

Racing in two dimensions

In this paper we study an industry in which there is an ongoing sequence of R&D races between two firms. Firms are engaged in product innovation. Products are horizontally and vertically differentiated. There are two key characteristics/dimensions to products, and the level at which these are embodied in products can be increased by R&D. At each time firms can spend R&D on improving their product in one or both dimensions. We allow the possibility of economies scope — so R&D undertaken in one dimension can spillover to the other. The question we are interested in is whether a firm that is ahead in a single dimension but behind in another will focus all its R&D effort in the area in which it is ahead (product specialisation), or whether it will try to do R&D in both dimensions in the hope that it might get ahead in both and end up with a superproduct that dominates in both characteristics. The outcome of this R&D competition determines a Markov transition probability matrix determining the evolution of the industry. We show that when the R&D technology is characterized by constant returns then the only steady-state outcome is one in which the economy stays forever in a position in which one firm produces a super-product and the other gives up doing R&D altogether. This outcome is unaffected by the degree of economies of scope. When the R&D technology is characterised by decreasing returns, then the industry will visit all states and so will exhibit both product specialisation and superproduct dominance at various times. Now the extent of economies of scope matters and we show that the greater the extent of economies of scope, the less likely is the industry to exhibit product dominance, and the more likely it is to exhibit product specialisation.     

项目团队的冲突协调机制及其博弈分析

项目团队中存在的冲突是影响团队有效构建与和谐发展的重要因素。如何正确而客观地理解和认识项目团队中存在的冲突以及这些冲突之间的关联关系,则直接影响到项目团队的管理和协调。在系统梳理项目团队中产生冲突原因的基础上,利用团队中存在的任务履行冲突与团队成员在情感上冲突之间的关联关系,分析并得到了利用团队成员在情感上的相互支持关系,来促进任务履行中冲突的协调机制。     

两阶段订购模式下的供应链契约协调

本文针对短生命周期产品需求的不确定性,建立允许调整订货量的两阶段订货模型,由此得到销售商应该采取的最优订货量.在此基础上,运用契约协调机制,从而达到供应链的协调.     

中原城市群城市化水平与创新能力协调发展研究

经济全球化和区域经济一体化背景下,区域竞争与技术创新日益聚焦于大中城市,创新是城市的灵魂,并引导城市的发展;同时,城市作为创新的"神经中枢",只有区域城市化水平达到一定的层次,相应的创新才会产生.二者的关系在于城市通过物质和能量的输入对创新起塑造作用,而创新则通过物质与能量的输出,对城市具有反作用.城市与创新的相互作用,具体表现为以时空为参照系、城市化水平与创新能力相互作用的界面特征.基于上述理论,运用相关分析、熵权分析和层次分析等方法,对中原城市群9个省辖市的城市化水平和创新能力状况作了综合评价,并在综合和分组两个层面对二者协调关系进行了定量分析.     

城市核心可持续发展研究的多学科调适理念

由于城市核心具备多方面的功能与价值特征 ,作者认为 ,其可持续发展战略需要从多学科角度进行融贯综合的研究 ,形成包含历史、创新、特色、环保、社区、经营诸多理念的新的城市化观 ,并以此为指导进行旧城更新 ,以达到城市核心文脉永驻、文化永续、魅力永存、环境平衡、社区永生、活力永现的目标 ,实现可持续发展。     

营销渠道的冲突与协调研究——基于我国食品制造商和直接零售商合作博弈的实证分析

当渠道的非合作导致的冲突被逐渐认识到时，渠道成员就会有意识地开展合作。那么，合作是否确实减少了冲突，增进了协调呢？本文利用博弈理论提出六个假设，然后用现代计量方法进行实证检验，最后得出以下结论：渠道合作博弈优于非合作博弈，渠道成员间倾向于合作博弈，合作博弈下的营销渠道纵向成员（参与方）选择为地位相当者，渠道合作博弈中普遍存在隐性冲突，其程度与成员影响力的运用有关，合作博弈下的渠道成员普遍比较协调，营销渠道成员合作的协调及持续协调与诚信公平相关。     

基于博弈论的二层供应链网络竞争与结盟模型

就两个制造商和一个零售商所组成的供应链模型进行研究,运用博弈论方法来研究制造商间的竞争及制造商与零售商间的竞争和协调决策问题,给出了两种决策下相应的数学模型,并比较了制造商与零售商间有无联盟关系时对各自收益的影响。     

供应链企业间的委托代理分析:成因、特点及模型

从供应链协调的角度分析了供应链中委托代理问题的成因,以及供应链中委托代理的特点,并对供应链中涉及到的委托代理模型以及我们所要做的工作进行了分析总结,最后提出了供应链企业间委托代理问题的未来研究内容和关键问题。