沿海开发区城市化对城乡居民收入差异影响初探--以宁波北仑为例

沿海开发区作为新兴工业城区在吸收农村剩余劳动力上发挥着巨大作用,它的城市化是实现本区域城乡一体化的重要模式。然而在开发区城市化初期,城乡收入差距反而会有所扩大。文章先就沿海开发区城市化与城乡收入差距的关系构建一个特殊的二元结构模型,然后以宁波北仑为案例进行     

关于汽车连接器及其可靠性的探讨

结合汽车连接器的发展和SEA/USCAR-20(汽车连接器的测试及标准),分析了汽车连接器可靠性存在的问题,深入分析了影响连接器可靠性的原因,连接器的接触电阻和接触力直接影响了连接器的可靠性。指出应力松弛、永久性形变、腐蚀、表面的污染物、振动、微动等原因造成了接触电阻和接触力的不稳定,提出通过电镀的方法可以大大提高汽车连接器的可靠性。     

组织机构代码立法工作中有关问题的探讨

阐述了组织机构代码工作立法的必要性,并对立法中涉及的若干关键问题进行了探讨。强调组织机构代码必须由技术监督部门统一管理,在各部门的信息系统建设中强制应用以及实施年检等。     

中国城市轨道交通轮轨力检测技术研究综述

对中国城市轨道交通轮轨力的检测技术进行了系统性的介绍。地面测试方法包括连续测试法和非连续测试法,连续测试法能够对车辆运行状态、车轮多边形等病害进行检测。车载测试方法包括直接测量法和间接测量法,其中连续测力轮对法是目前最常用的测试方法。轮轨力采集系统具有快速、高效、稳定等优势,在地铁动态验收及运维过程中的轮轨力检测中发挥了重要作用。     

论刘易斯"二元经济"理论及其现实意义

该文主要阐述刘易斯“二元经济”理论主要内容及其对我国现阶段实现农村剩余劳动力转移、增加农民收入以及实现城乡统筹发展的重要启发意义。     

近年来湖南省耕地动态变化及保护对策

湖南省人均耕地已接近联合国粮农组织规定的人均耕地警戒线,且近年来耕地流失的趋势还在加快,耕地减少主要集中在生态退耕、建设占用、农业结构调整以及灾害毁地等几个方面.近7年来,湖南各地市表现出不同的耕地变化特征:经济水平相对较高以及地处洞庭湖平原的地区,耕地变化率反而小;而相对落后的山区,耕地变化率较大.利用主成分分析法,得出湖南省耕地减少的三大驱动因素,分别是社会经济发展、国家耕地有关政策以及农业科技进步.实现耕地占补平衡,提高耕地的集约利用水平,积极开展土地整理复垦、改善生态环境、依靠科技进步等是当前保护耕地的基本策略.     

The composition effects of tax-based consolidation on income inequality

Many advanced economies have recently embarked on fiscal austerity. As this has come at a time of high and rising income disparities, policy-makers have fretted about the inequality effects of fiscal consolidations. We shed new light on this issue by empirically investigating the (composition) effects of tax-based consolidations on income inequality, output and labour market conditions for a sample of 16 OECD countries over the period 1978–2012. We find that tax-based consolidations reduce income inequality, but at the cost of weaker economic activity. However, tax composition does matter. Indirect taxes reduce income inequality by more than direct taxes, possibly due to the operation of a positive labour supply channel. Higher indirect taxes increase the price of the consumption basket and create incentives for agents to increase their labour supply. We find this effect to be stronger for middle-aged women. Looking at specific instruments, general consumption taxes and personal taxes are the most suited to reduce inequality while at the same time minimizing the equity-efficiency trade-off.     

Degrowing tourism: rethinking tourism

Abstract

Concerns with growth have steadily advanced since the Limits to Growth report due particularly to human impacts on the natural environment. Since that time, neoliberal capitalism has become increasingly reliant on growth exacerbating these problems. The destructive outcomes of these strategies has led to a growing interest in degrowth. Analysts are examining how we can create economies that eschew a growth imperative while still supporting human thriving. Tourism as a key facet of capitalism is implicated in these issues and recent concerns with “overtourism” are only one symptom of the problem. This article presents a conceptual consideration of issues of degrowth in tourism. It examines current tensions in international mobility and argues just and sustainable degrowth will require greater attention to equity. This analysis suggests that essential to such an agenda is redefining tourism to focus on the rights of local communities and a rebuilding of the social capacities of tourism. This article argues for the redefinition of tourism in order to place the rights of local communities above the rights of tourists for holidays and the rights of tourism corporates to make profits.     

Economic migration and business cycles in a small open economy with matching frictions

With the free movement of labour in Europe, economic migration has become an important determinant of labour supply. Cyclical migration exceeds one percent of the population in many countries and affects (un)employment and wage setting. The main contribution of this paper is that it models migration as an endogenous decision in a search-and-matching framework, where labour market institutions play an important role. It shows that, contrary to typical beliefs, migration can amplify business cycles. After a positive shock to the economy, immigration increases the labour force and initially unemployment. The latter reduces a worker's outside option in wage negotiations, resulting in a lower wage increase than when there is no migration. With cheaper labour firms post more job vacancies, which increases the probability that unemployed workers find jobs and attracts new workers to immigrate. Attenuated response of wages and the stronger response of employment to shocks result in a flatter Phillips curve.     

Sexual Orientation and Labor Force Participation: Findings from Chile and Uruguay

This is the first study that examines the association between sexual orientation and labor force participation in Chile and Uruguay. Using information on heads of households and their partners from recent census data, it applies a simple econometric methodology to measure the relationship of sexual orientation and labor participation, juxtaposing individuals who are part of straight and same-sex couples, while determining any difference in this association according to gender. The study finds that partnered gay men are up to 5.0 percentage points less likely to participate in the workforce compared to married straight men. In addition, lesbians are up to 32.7 percentage points more likely to participate in the labor force compared to married straight women. Trends between the two countries are similar, but the likelihood of participating in the labor force differs significantly. Conservatism in the cultural context and legal frameworks of each country arises as a possible explanation.