全要素生产率、人民币汇率与中国贸易收支——基于跨期最优选择理论的实证研究

文章首先以跨期最优分析框架为基础建立以中国贸易收支为研究对象的理论模型,然后基于中国1999-2009年省际面板数据,运用面板FMOLS估计方法,从全国和地区两个层面对中国全要素生产率、人民币实际汇率与中国贸易收支的关系展开实证分析。研究表明,中国贸易部门内资企业和外资企业的全要素生产率提升均对中国实际贸易余额增长产生了正面影响,其中东部地区的促进作用最为强劲;中国非贸易部门全要素生产率与其实际贸易余额负相关,其中东部和中部地区非贸易部门全要素生产率提升会显著减少该地区的实际贸易差额;人民币实际有效汇率提升对中国实际贸易收支具有显著的负面影响,并按照东部、中部和西部地区依次加重。根据上述分析结果,文章提出了调节中国贸易收支的相关政策建议。     

转型期农民工养老保险制度评析和模式选择

当前国内已形成了三种类型的农民工养老保险制度:纳入城保型、单独保险型、综合保险型。对三种制度的参与、权益享受、待遇水平等比较之后发现,三种制度各有优劣。农民工养老保险的模式设计应注意民意、经济、技术等的可行性,应按照农民工不同群体的特点和需求分别建立不同层次不同类型的社会养老保险模式。     

The relationship between store image and store brand equity: A conceptual framework and evidence from hypermarkets

Retailers are making considerable efforts to improve their brand management. The challenge they face, however, is how best to integrate coherently their stores, as brands, and their various distributor brands (store brands, private labels, etc.), in order to increase their brand equity and offer the market differential value that will stimulate customer loyalty. From this perspective, it is crucial for retailers to investigate the relationship between the store and their own brands. This study proposes two theoretical models showing the mechanism whereby store image helps increase the equity of a specific type of distributor brand (the store brand). The approach used in this analysis is based, on the one hand, on defining brand equity through its components, using the model in Aaker (1991), and on the other, on including (social and strategic) corporate dimensions in measuring store image. The empirical research made in the hypermarket sector in the Basque province of Gipuzkoa backs the majority of the proposed hypotheses. The results show that store image can be used by retailers to influence all components of store brand equity, essentially through its commercial and strategic dimension. This research is intended to address the clear lack of research on store brand equity.     

人民币汇率变动与中国的贸易收支——基于汇率传递视角的实证研究

文章从汇率传递视角探讨了人民币名义有效汇率与贸易收支的关系。结论表明:首先,人民币汇率贬值和升值对贸易收支的影响存在非对称性,人民币升值对初级产品贸易收支、工业制成品贸易收支以及贸易总收支几乎没有影响;人民币贬值对工业制成品贸易收支和贸易总收支均存在显著性的影响,但对初级产品贸易收支没有影响。其次,人民币汇率变动对初级产品的净出口基本没有影响,其主要原因在于中国对金属矿砂、煤、焦炭、石油等主要初级产品的刚性需求以及中国在国际市场上对稀缺资源性产品定价权的缺失与不足。再次,人民币贬值不仅不能增加工业制成品净出口,反而恶化了工业制成品的贸易收支,究其原因,在于占较大比重的机械及运输设备类产品的进出口需求弹性较小。最后,本文在以上结论研究基础之上得到了许多有益启示。     

Country-of-origin effects and antecedents of industrial brand equity

Does the country-of-origin effect matter to industrial brand equity in international business-to-business (B2B) markets? The effect of a product's country-of-origin (COO) on both industrial buyers' and consumers' perceptions and evaluations has been one of the most widely studied phenomena in the fields of international business, marketing, and consumer behavior since the 1960s. Although many country-of-origin studies focus on consumer behavior in developed countries and acknowledge that the processes and stages of economic development by which consumers use COO information may differ in developing countries, the fact that there has been little research to investigate the effects of COO could explain the variations in international buyers' evaluations of industrial brand equity in the newly-industrialized economies, such as Taiwan. Taiwanese firms are now formidable global B2B market players by successfully transforming themselves from manufacturing mainly low-value and labor-intensive goods to producing many high value-added products that require advanced technology, equipment and significant business expertise. With the adoption of advanced technology and equipment, an important question is whether unique and innovative fastener products from Taiwan have generated the country-of-origin effects in international B2B buyers' minds. The main finding is that the country-of-origin of fasteners has not yet become an important antecedent of industrial brand equity in the case of the fastener industry in Taiwan.     

上市公司高管薪酬外部公平性影响因素研究——基于管理权力论的分析

通过选取2002--2005年中国上市公司面板数据,从管理权力论的角度分析了管理层权力与高管薪酬外部公平性的关系,并进行实证研究,结果发现高管组织权力大小与高管薪酬外部不公平性正相关;高管所有制权力大小与薪酬外部不公平性负相关;股权集中度与高管薪酬外部不公平性负相关;国有控股上市公司的高管薪酬更具有外部公平性。     

长期股权投资核算的权益法

长期股权投资权益法,其特点是投资最初以投资成本计价,以后根据投资企业享有被投资单位所有者权益份额的变动对投资的账面价值进行调整的方法。本文主要讨论了权益法的涵义与适用范围,通过实例分析了权益法下的会计处理思路等问题,并提出了相应的解决对策。     

汇率变动与贸易余额——基于政策干预和预期因素的模型分析和实证研究

文章重点讨论了政策干预下的汇率走势,以及预期因素作用下进口商和消费者的行为模式,在假定马歇尔—勒纳条件成立,汇率变动完全传递给贸易品价格的条件下,研究了汇率变动和贸易余额的关系。认为在政策干预和汇率走势形成稳定预期的条件下,汇率升值不但不能减少贸易逆差,反而扩大贸易逆差,反之反是。文章通过一系列实证检验和对比研究,发现上述作用机制在2005年7月至2008年6月的中美贸易中能够较好地成立。     

我国高等教育投资机制的经济学分析

大学生就业难和高等教育改革引起了社会广泛的关注,本文从经济公平和投资主体的视角分析我国高等教育投资机制变革,借鉴人力资本理论,联系我国经济发展对高等教育的需求,提出我国高等教育投资机制的变革仍需解决主体多元化、民营化等深层次问题,以推进高等教育的公平与效率,进而促进经济发展。     

完善个人所得税税率制度的政策建议

税收公平原则是公平价值在税法领域的具体体现。个人所得税税负具有不易转嫁、税率超额累进等特点,能够有效调节收入差距,但从税收公平角度来看,仍存在着种种严重的不公平现象。本文主要从税率角度入手,首先解剖了我国个人所得税法在税率结构方面存在的不合理因素,然后介绍了外国个人所得税税率设计中的先进经验,最后提出了完善我国个人所得税税率制度的对策。