Knowledge transfer costs and dependence as determinants of financial reporting

Abstract This paper examines the circumstances in which financial reporting exists. Jensen and Meckling (1995 ) observe that where there are high knowledge transfer costs, then decentralisation is necessary; and that where decentralisation occurs there is a control problem, which can be addressed by providing a control system. I predict that where there are high knowledge transfer costs there will be a control system; if the control system uses financial reports, these will occur for activities with high knowledge transfer costs. The ability to decentralise is reduced where dependence makes it potentially costly to allow a subordinate to make decisions about the activity. The paper predicts that high dependence will be negatively associated with the existence of financial reports. The results confirm the predictions that financial reports are positively associated with knowledge transfer costs and negatively associated with dependence.     

提高石油企业质量体系认证的有效性

指出提高质量体系认证的有生应从以下两方面入手：首先要提高质量体系的有效性，应从质量体系的建立、宣贯、实施、保持、完善等五个方面作细致的工作，并且还要搞好内审及管理评审；其次要提高认证工作的有效性，要选择适合石油企业的认证公司，还要求认证公司要有熟悉石油相关专业的审核员及技术专家，认证公司要有一定的知名度及敬业精神，能为认证的企业负责，使认证企业的质量体系逐渐完善和提高。     

《抽油泵及其组件规范》采标的滞后问题

通过对2001年版API Spec 11AX《抽油泵及其组件规范》的研究分析，指出了新版标准的先进性、科学性和合理性，阐明GB／T18607—2001：API Spec 11AX(1996)《抽油泵及其组件规范》在采标中存在滞后问题。     

上海股市五年综观

上海股市五年综观□张国枢，张开宇上海股市自１９９０年１２用１９日发布实施上证指数以来，至１９９５年１１月１７日，已运行了５后，作为我国的一个新兴资产市场，表现出极大的生命力租发展前景。其间，风风雨雨，涨涨跌跌，吸引了千万人的积极参与，为国内外各界人士...     

An outcome-based assessment of international transfer pricing policy

Instead of concentrating on the selection of the optimal transfer pricing method, this paper focuses on the consequences of international transfer pricing for multinational entities. A sample of U.S.-based multinational firms is employed to determine if transfer pricing results in measurable financial outcomes. Results of the study indicate that firms employ international transfer pricing to meet a variety of objectives. The dollar value of international transfers and the foreign sales percentage are both significant explanatory variables for the financial outcomes of these objectives.     

Dynamic analysis of stock return volatility in an integrated international capital market

This paper examines the dynamic behavior of the stock return volatility for Canada, Japan, Germany, and the United Kingdom. The evidence indicates that international stock return volatility is mainly influenced by the U.S. stock return volatility and the exchange rate volatility, supporting the international capital market integration hypothesis. There seems to be some correlation between stock return volatility and macroeconomic volatility, but the effect is relatively weaker. In addition to the economic fundamentals, the noise component is found to be time varying, confirming the AR(MA)CH specifications in the stock return models.     

基于迁移矩阵的信贷风险分析

本文借鉴了马尔可夫链的统计原理，在商业银行评级体系的基础上，利用大量实际数据，统计得到不同年份多年度信用等级迁移矩阵，也得到分行业、分地区的信用迁移矩阵。在对矩阵进行深入分析的基础上，为商业银行利用迁移矩阵进行风险管理提出了有益的建议。     

Transferring and Transforming Technology Education: A Study of Norwegian Teachers’ Perceptions of Ideas from Design & Technology

What happens when educational ideas cross national and cultural borders? How do teachers respond to ideas originating in a different school system and a different national culture? This article reports on an empirical study investigating the transfer of ideas from Design &; Technology as a subject in England and Wales into Norwegian schools. A sample of teachers participating in a specific project on technology teaching inspired by this subject has been studied by means of interviews and classroom observation. Results of the study show that while some elements of Design &; Technology are adopted by the teachers, essential ideas of the subject are significantly transformed. Drawing on Barnes, (1992, Teachers and Teaching: From Classrooms to Reflection (pp. 9–32), The Falmer press, London) concept of teachers' professional frames for teaching, it is shown how specific aspects of the national and educational culture have had a considerable effect on?the teachers' interpretation of the nature of technology as a subject of teaching and its place in the curriculum. The study illustrates the importance of the cultural context in how educational ideas are interpreted, reshaped and realized in schools.     

强化质量管理促进螺杆泵采油技术规模应用

从螺杆泵采油技术在油田应用中的实际出发．阐述了该项技术在从试验向规模化推广应用过程中，以强化全面质量管理为基点．重视螺杆泵采油技术应用中各个环节的质量控制，从组织机构的建立、管理制度的制定、人员素质的提高、配套技术的完善等方面。强化管理和质量控制，使这项试验技术成功转型为常规技术，并得以规模化应用。阐明了全面质量管理在螺杆泵采油技术应用中发挥的重要作用。     

我国石油天然气会计准则国际协调探讨

以我国石油天然气会计准则《石油天然气开采》和国际财务报告准则《矿产资源的勘探与评价》为研究对象，从范围框架和内容方面对两个准则进行对比分析，并结合我国石油：无然气会计准则国际协调情况，对我国石油天然气会计准则国际协调策略进行探讨。