企业社会责任相对水平与消费者购买意向关系的实证研究

行业内的相对企业社会责任(CSR)水平与消费者购买意向关系的实证研究表明:行业内的相对CSR水平高(或低),消费者购买意向也相应地高(或低);消费者能够接受的CSR处于行业领先水平企业的产品提价的幅度显著小于要求CSR处于行业落后水平企业的产品降价的幅度;在参照对象分别为CSR处于行业落后水平企业的产品和参照对象为CSR处于行业中等水平企业的产品时,消费者对CSR处于行业领先水平企业的产品的购买意向存在显著差异,但愿意接受的提价幅度没有显著差异。     

Estimating demand from eBay prices

This paper presents results for identification and estimation of the value distribution from eBay auction prices. The paper presents results for eBay type auctions with independent private values and unobserved participation. It is first shown that the distribution of values is identified from observing the distribution of prices and knowing the distribution of potential bidders. The main identification result presents conditions for which the distribution of values and the distribution of potential bidders are simultaneously identified. Not surprisingly, the intuition is similar to the standard results for identifying demand from observed equilibrium prices. The estimation method suggested by the identification results is used to estimate the value distribution for the “C5” Chevrolet Corvette sold on eBay. The results suggest that a simple OLS model on prices will over estimate the mean value of the item. The estimation results are then used to calculate the optimal reserve price for these cars. The estimated optimal reserves are compared to the actual reserves. Actual hidden reserves are set much higher than actual non-hidden reserves. The evidence suggests sellers set Buy-It-Nows and hidden reserves optimally to account for re-listing opportunities.     

推定征税的权义结构分析

推定征税具有保障国家财政收入、税收公平的合理性,也有被滥用,从而侵害纳税人权益的危险。分析推定课税的权义结构,可厘清税务机关和纳税人双方在其中的职权与职责、权利与义务,并通过纳税人协助义务、税务机关推定征税权和纳税人异议权的相互制约和激励,以达成推定征税的正当与合理适用。     

浅谈水利水电工程概预算的编制与应用

本文详细介绍了水利水电工程概预算编制依据、步骤、注意事项,探讨了水利水电工程概预算编制过程中常见问题的分析处理。     

浅论如何提升行政相对人在依法行政中的地位

行政相对人在促进依法行政中具有重要作用。提升行政相对人在行政行为的地位是实现依法行政的重要途径。就提升行政相对人在行政行为中的地位来讲,提高行政相对人参与行政行为的能力是提升行政相对人在行政行为中地位的根本;建立广泛有效的救济体系是保障;加强行政公开、赋予行政相对人更多的参与权是核心;由管理行政向服务行政转变则有利于以上三个方面更好地实现。     

A note on the Robust Trend and ARARMA methodologies used in the M3 Competition

This brief note describes two of the forecasting methods used in the M3 Competition, Robust Trend and ARARMA. The origins of these methods are very different. Robust Trend was introduced to model the special features of some telecommunications time series. It was subsequently found to be competitive with Holt’s linear model for the more varied set of time series used in the M1 Competition. The ARARMA methodology was proposed by Parzen as a general time series modelling procedure, and can be thought of as an alternative to the ARIMA methodology of Box and Jenkins. This method was used in the M1 Competition and achieved the lowest mean absolute percentage error for longer forecasting horizons. These methods will be described in more detail and some comments on their use in the M3 Competition conclude this note.     

软件项目进度估算的模糊方法

软件项目进度的估算是软件项目管理的重要组成部分,当开发新型项目时,由于没有历史经验,精确的甚至基于概率的估算方法都比较困难,而且可信度也较低,文章采用了模糊-概率的方法来进行进度的估算,在模糊运算中采用基于卷积的模糊算子,该算子具有扩散性较低的特点。     

Information Technology As A Factor Of Production: The Role Of Differences Among Firms

Despite evidence that information technology (IT) has recently become a productive investment for a large cross-section of firms, a number of questions remain. Some of these issues can be addressed by extending the basic production function approach that was applied in earlier work. Specifically, in this short paper we: 1) control for individual firm differences in productivity by employing a ‘firm effects’ specification, 2) consider the more flexible translog specification instead of only the Cobb-Douglas specification, and 3) allow all parameters to vary between various subsectors of the economy.

We find that while ‘firm effects’ may account for as much as half of the productivity benefits imputed to IT in earlier studies, the elasticity of IT remains positive and statistically significant. We also find that the estimates of IT elasticity and marginal product are little-changed when the less restrictive translog production function is employed. Finally, we find only limited evidence of differences in IT's marginal product between manufacturing and services and between the ‘measurable’ and ‘unmeasurable’ sectors of the economy. Surprisingly, we find that the marginal product of IT is at least as high in firms that did not grow during 1988–1992 sample period as it is in firms that grew.     

Neoclassical versus Frontier Production Models? Testing for the Skewness of Regression Residuals*

The empirical literature on production and cost functions is divided into two strands. The neoclassical approach concentrates on model parameters, while the frontier approach decomposes the disturbance term to a symmetric noise term and a positively skewed inefficiency term. We propose a theoretical justification for the skewness of the inefficiency term, arguing that this skewness is the key testable hypothesis of the frontier approach. We propose to test the regression residuals for skewness in order to distinguish the two competing approaches. Our test builds directly upon the asymmetry of regression residuals and does not require any prior distributional assumptions.