Effects of age, need for cognition, and affective intensity on advertising effectiveness

This paper explores how individual characteristics of age, need for cognition (NFC), and affective intensity (AI) interact with each other and with advertising appeal frames (i.e., rational, positive-emotional, negative-emotional) to influence ad attitudes, involvement, and recall. The mixed design study reveals that younger adults recall emotional messages, especially negative ones, better than rational ones, but recall does not differ for older adults across appeal frames. Older adults prefer rational and positive messages to negative-emotional messages but ad attitudes do not differ among younger adults across appeal frames. Finally, age interacts with AI, but not NFC, to influence ad responsiveness. Both age and AI influence ad attitudes such that older adults exhibit the most positive ad attitudes across all appeal frames.     

契约执行效率与垂直化结构

本文在LuigiPascali分析框架的基础上构建了一个两部门垄断竞争模型,考察不完全契约与垂直化结构的关系,并利用中国分地区分行业数据进行了检验。分析结果表明：契约执行效率的提高有利于垂直专业化分工;在契约要素密集度和物质资产专用性高的行业,契约执行效率与垂直一体化存在着明显的负向关系,在控制其他变量以及内生性问题后,这一结果仍然稳健;契约执行效率对人力资产专用性行业的治理结构影响不大。     

环境规制对企业生产率有好处吗？——来自企业层面数据的证据

利用2006年1000多家中国企业的调查数据,采用最小二乘法和Tobit模型实证研究了环境规制对企业生产率的影响及机制。结果表明环境规制本身与企业生产率之间存在着稳定、显著的正向关系;环境规制强度与企业生产率之间也存在着稳定、显著的正向关系;不同规模和不同地理位置的企业其生产率呈现不同的表现,企业对环境成本上升带来的消化能力有差异。经过稳健性检验,研究结论也依然成立。     

结构转变与中国全要素生产率增长

本文基于对我国经济高速增长的源泉以及经济增长是否可持续的争论,通过构建TFP增长的分解方程,强调了结构转变通过资源在不同部门间的再配置对生产率的影响,重新测算了我国改革开放以来的TFP增长率。研究结果表明,我国的TFP增长率较高,资源从低生产率向高生产率部门,尤其是从传统农业向现代工业和服务业部门的再配置对TFP增长有显著作用,其贡献高达28%。因此,对于处于工业化中期的中国来说,经济增长仍具有巨大的潜力和可持续性。     

苏浙沪碳排放影响因素分解及比较分析

基于苏浙沪地区1998年～2008年时间序列数据,根据碳排放量的基本等式,计算出苏浙沪地区总的碳排放及单位GDP碳排放,并运用LMDI因素分解模型,横向分析人口数量、经济规模、行业碳排放强度及行业产出份额对苏浙沪地区整个碳排放变化的影响情况,纵向比较国民经济六大部门的行业碳排放强度变化对碳排放的贡献率。研究表明:江浙沪地区的单位GDP碳排放逐步减少,碳排放的增速与GDP增速关系密切,经济增长是碳排放量变化的主要拉动因素,行业碳排放强度变化抑制了CO2的排放,尤其工业部门的贡献最大。     

跨国公司地区总部区位分布的特征与决定因素

文章以福布斯2008年排行榜全球2000家企业在中国设立的地区总部为研究对象,对其分布的特征及决定因素进行了研究。研究发现：在分布特征上,跨国公司地区总部在我国呈现出了地区集聚（96％集中于北京、上海两个城市）和国别集聚（73．9％集中于美日等6个国家）的特点;在决定因素上,最为显著的指标是城市大小与人口规模、第三产业占GDP比重和信息传递水平。研究还表明：跨国公司在我国选择非政治、商业、金融中心的城市时,表现得极为谨慎;同时,全球仅有34．3％的跨国公司在我国设立地区总部,说明世界各国在我国的投资强度目前仍较弱。     

我国制造业进出口隐含污染分析:基于投入产出的方法

使用非竞争型投入产出表,核算了我国1976-2004年制造业28个行业6种污染物进出口隐含污染的BEET指标值和PTT指标值,并分析了我国进出口隐含污染的规模效应和结构效应。研究结果表明,我国进口和出口的规模效应为正且逐年增长,20世纪90年代以后出口规模效应逐渐大于进口规模效应;出口的结构效应基本小于零,进口的结构效应不明确,我国的产业结构调整和升级可能有利于减少我国进出口的净隐含污染量。此外,制造业出口隐含污染主要来源于纺织、塑料、机械设备和工业化学这四个行业。     

青岛近海地区风暴潮灾害风险区划研究

风暴潮灾害风险区划是在风暴潮灾害风险评价基础上的宏观分区,有助于更清晰的把握灾害风险的空间格局与内在规律。文章首先对风暴潮灾害风险相关概念进行了阐述,试图达到理清和规范的目的,然后根据风暴潮灾害风险因素建立了风暴潮灾害风险评价指标体系,采用聚类分析、熵值法及灰色关联分析方法,构建了青岛近海地区风暴潮灾害风险区划,将青岛9区市划分为4个不同风险等级,揭示了青岛近海地区风暴潮灾害风险的地域差异性,为因地制宜地制定防灾减灾措施与规划提供了科学依据。     

Asymptotics for Autocovariances and Integrated Periodograms for Linear Processes Observed at Lower Frequencies

One of the most frequently used class of processes in time series analysis is the one of linear processes. For many statistical quantities, among them sample autocovariances and sample autocorrelations, central limit theorems are available in the literature. We investigate classical linear processes under a nonstandard observation pattern; namely, we assume that we are only able to observe the linear process at a lower frequency. It is shown that such observation pattern destroys the linear structure of the observations and leads to substantially different asymptotic results for standard statistical quantities. Central limit theorems are given for sample autocovariances and sample autocorrelations as well as more general integrated periodograms and ratio statistics. Moreover, for specific autoregressive processes, the possibilities to estimate the parameters of the underlying autoregression from lower frequency observations are addressed. Finally, we suggest for autoregressions of order 2 a valid bootstrap procedure. A small simulation study demonstrates the performance of the bootstrap proposal for finite sample size.     

LIQUIDATION IN LIMIT ORDER BOOKS WITH CONTROLLED INTENSITY

We consider a framework for solving optimal liquidation problems in limit order books. In particular, order arrivals are modeled as a point process whose intensity depends on the liquidation price. We set up a stochastic control problem in which the goal is to maximize the expected revenue from liquidating the entire position held. We solve this optimal liquidation problem for power‐law and exponential‐decay order book models explicitly and discuss several extensions. We also consider the continuous selling (or fluid) limit when the trading units are ever smaller and the intensity is ever larger. This limit provides an analytical approximation to the value function and the optimal solution. Using techniques from viscosity solutions we show that the discrete state problem and its optimal solution converge to the corresponding quantities in the continuous selling limit uniformly on compacts.