考虑表面效应板状微结构的力学行为进展

该文综述了纳米力学研究中的表面效应与板状微结构力学行为研究现状和进展,并作了一定的评价,介绍了最新的表面效应研究理论模型和方法,并对未来表面效应的理论研究进行了预测和展望。     

飞机发动机吊装实训平台安全性论证

以理论力学,材料力学,机械设计基础为理论依据,通过对发动机在安装状态和在吊装状态时的受力分析,计算论证了飞机发动机吊装实训平台的安全性。并且经过实践检验和无损检测的鉴定,进一步证明了飞机发动机吊装实训平台的安全可靠性。     

压力测试与反向压力测试在银行风险管理中的运用

压力测试作为一般风险计量工具的重要补充,越来越受到金融监管部门和银行业的重视。文章从压力测试和反向压力测试的原理与方法出发,比较分析压力测试与在险价值(VaR)的特征性与互补性,通过示例阐明压力情景的设置方法和压力测试的操作过程,并探讨压力测试和反向压力测试在银行风险管理中的实务问题。     

油水井套变地层岩石力学参数反演分析

以套管变形测井资料为基础,利用APDL编制有限元优化模块反演套变围岩力学参数,即可确定套变地层缺失的力学参数,又克服目前套管变形分析多是基于弹性模型,不能进行塑性变形分析的问题。同时在岩石力学参数反演程序中引入莫尔―库伦破坏准则,确定岩层内摩擦角与黏聚力、最大水平主应力和最小水平主应力之间的关系,使反演解具有唯一性。该方法为套变围岩岩石力学参数的确定提供了新方法,并较传统反演方法更为简捷高效。     

安塞油田重复压裂地应力变化分析

水力压裂是低渗透油田开发的主要技术手段。油层岩石地应力的大小和方位决定了压裂裂缝的形态,对油田开发井网部署、工艺的选择有重要的意义。通过老油田加密井的岩芯实验,对重复压裂地应力的变化情况进行了分析,为水力压裂再造梳妆打扮裂缝,提高油层动用程度,改善油田开发效果提供了思路。     

Climate Change and Preparations for the Tide of Traumatic Stress: Implications for Asia-Pacific Human Resources

Although attention to the business risks posed by natural disasters fueled by climate change has grown, the toll that disasters have on human resources in the form of traumatic stress is comparatively neglected. It is common for more than 20% of people exposed to natural disasters to develop traumatic stress disorders that can last for years. In the workplace, traumatic stress hurts attendance, the quantity and quality of output, and relationships. Fortunately, businesses can promote employee resilience and recovery. Given the Asia-Pacific region’s high risk of natural disasters, businesses operating there should include employees’ traumatic stress in their disaster preparedness.     

‘I feel something is still missing’: leisure meanings of African refugee women in Canada

This research explored the leisure meanings of three African women, former refugees resettled in Canada. Using a hermeneutic phenomenological approach, this study revealed that leisure meanings were tightly bound in the women’s Christian faith, church, and faith community in affording them solace, socialisation, and community bonding. Furthermore, learning for leisure emphasised leisure for educational advancement, self-improvement, and knowledge-gain, to keep busy, and for companionship. Physically active leisures afforded fitness and fun, while nature-based leisure, particularly with friends, family, and their ethnocultural communities were important for restoration, nurturing relationships, and fostering social networks. These leisures also served to mitigate traumatic memories and stress. Because of the prominence of their Christian faith and the church as central to these women’s leisure, collaborative efforts by faith-based entities, leisure and recreation organisations and practitioners, settlement agencies, and mental health bodies, are recommended to effectively address the challenges and aspirations of resettled African women refugees through leisure.     

Stress and turnover intents in international organizations: social support and work–life balance as resources

Abstract

This study investigates whether work opportunities have an impact on stress and the related turnover intentions of employees working in intergovernmental international organizations (IOs). It contextualizes the job resources and demands model within IOs’ specific work conditions. The empirical test is based on original data from a survey administered in four major organizations of the United Nations system. Results demonstrate that social work opportunities and work–life balance are organizational levers reducing stress and willingness to quit for employees who are facing red tape or the stresses of being an expatriate. In this context, the relationships between these work opportunities and turnover intention are partially mediated by stress. Contextualized HR management propositions are made to help organizations coping with these management challenges.     

Assessing job crafting competencies to predict tradeoffs between competing outcomes

We introduce the job crafting competency construct and apply it to predict tradeoffs between competing outcomes that are inherent in job crafting, like performance and well-being or engagement and withdrawal. Job crafting competencies are the clusters of individual knowledge, skills, and abilities that are necessary to achieve personal objectives through effective job crafting problem-solving. We create a framework of job crafting competencies consisting of comprehensive/simplistic heuristic information use and approach/avoidance problem-solving skills. In Study 1, we operationalize competencies as profiles demonstrated through an aptitude-oriented assessment that predicts differences in outcomes. Five distinct profiles emerged in a sample of 174 workers. The high-volume analytic problem-solving profile was associated with higher performance and strain, while the ambivalent acquiescence profile was associated with lower performance and strain. The practical problem-solving profile minimized tradeoffs between performance and strain. Rapid problem-solving and low-volume analytic problem-solving profiles were variants in between these other patterns. Study 2 used a survey of 323 workers to support the uniqueness of the five competencies, and their relationships with approach/avoidance job crafting, engagement, and withdrawal. The research identifies a new job crafting individual difference (job crafting competencies) to delineate outcomes and tradeoffs according to unique competency profiles.     

Productivity impact of drought tolerant maize varieties under rainfall stress in Malawi: A continuous treatment approach

Drought tolerant (DT) maize varieties have received massive support in sub‐Saharan Africa because of their potential to protect smallholder farmers against drought‐related maize yield losses. Using four waves of household farm panel data from six districts in Malawi, we examine the impact heterogeneity of this technology on maize productivity using a continuous treatment approach. We find strong evidence of positive correlation between maize yield and adoption of DT maize varieties. On average, an increase by one hectare in the area allocated to DT varieties increases maize yield by 547 Kg/ha representing a 44% increase from the average maize yield of 1,254 Kg/ha for our sample. Our findings give evidence that DT maize technology has potential to protect smallholder farmers against drought‐related production losses. Policies that promote increased allocation of maize area to DT maize hold potential to enhance food security. Smallholder farmers especially in drought‐prone areas should be encouraged to allocate at least one‐third of the maize plot to DT varieties while breeders continue with the efforts of breeding a DT variety that is not only drought tolerant but also adapted to all weather conditions. More importantly, the government should ensure provision of timely ex ante weather information to guide farmers on decision‐making with respect to maize varietal choices.