废墟中的景观:新制度主义批判

在资产阶级经济学的各个分支中,新制度经济学可算是"此物最相思",但实际情况并非如此。所谓的古典主义—新古典主义—新制度主义,乃是资产阶级本体论意义上的虚假理论发展之路;其"虚假"就在于本体论工作预设,在于逻辑推理所依据的本体的虚假性,这样才有社会物理学→数学物理学→现象学的社会物理学的体系更迭性和知识不断翻新,而其中的话语是高度一致的物象学科(工作)语言。这种资产阶级理论为社会主观批判实践提供了"漫画",创立工作范型,巧设了批判模本,而要求研究对象规定的真正意义的去魅。     

Expected shortfall estimation for apparently infinite-mean models of operational risk

Statistical analyses on actual data depict operational risk as an extremely heavy-tailed phenomenon, able to generate losses so extreme as to suggest the use of infinite-mean models. But no loss can actually destroy more than the entire value of a bank or of a company, and this upper bound should be considered when dealing with tail-risk assessment. Introducing what we call the dual distribution, we show how to deal with heavy-tailed phenomena with a remote yet finite upper bound. We provide methods to compute relevant tail quantities such as the Expected Shortfall, which is not available under infinite-mean models, allowing adequate provisioning and capital allocation. This also permits a measurement of fragility. The main difference between our approach and a simple truncation is in the smoothness of the transformation between the original and the dual distribution. Our methodology is useful with apparently infinite-mean phenomena, as in the case of operational risk, but it can be applied in all those situations involving extreme fat tails and bounded support.     

全球价值链分工下中美双边贸易要素结构分析——对HOV定理的再检验

全球价值链分工下要素的跨境流动赋予了贸易要素含量新的内涵。本文提出了符合全球价值链分工特征的贸易要素含量测算框架,并以中美贸易为对象对Heckscher-Ohlin-Vanek（简称HOV）定理的有效性进行检验。结果表明,中美双边贸易的要素结构并不符合HOV定理的预期,中国对美国的资本净出口大于劳动净出口,且二者之间的差距在逐渐增大。美国跨国公司的FDI和中美两国劳动生产率差异导致的中国（美国）对美国（中国）出口资本/劳动比的提升（下降）是造成这一结果的主要原因。中美两国劳动要素结构体现出显著的互补性。优化要素结构,提升中高技术劳动对中国出口增加值的贡献度,是实现中国比较优势动态升级的基础。     

新制度经济学的产权界定理论述评

发现产权界定在资源配置和市场交易中的重要作用是科斯对新制度经济学发展的一个巨大贡献。在科斯之后,德姆塞茨揭示了产权界定的形式及其发生的机理,波斯纳给出了产权界定应遵循的一般性准则,巴泽尔揭示了产权界定的相对性和公共领域,诺思则对国家界定产权的目的、优势和存在的问题等作了进一步的研究。     

关于社会成本问题的评述

本文通过对科斯的《社会成本问题》和《社会成本问题的注释》,以及盛洪的《〈社会成本问题〉的问题》等文章的评论,指出“科斯定理”的核心是认识到社会成本问题的交互性以及权力转移的重要性,并且在交易费用为正的条件下,不同制度安排的选择会影响资源配置的效率,所以制度安排至关重要;另外,本文认为在盛洪的《〈社会成本问题〉的问题》一文中有几个问题值得商榷,即需要根据交易费用是否为零来讨论产权界定不同对收入分配的影响。以及最佳产权的存在性问题。     

风力发电机接入直流微电网的运行控制研究

本文针对目前现行风力发电机系统接入微网效率低和不易控制的问题,提出建立改进型的风力发电模型,这个系统主要包括:风力机、永磁同步发电机、三相整流桥、DC-DC变换器以及蓄电池。利用PSIM仿真软件进行等效仿真验证。仿真结果表明风力发电机通过整流变换后能很好的能接入直流微电网,为用户提供高质量的电能。     

论碳交易平台对碳交易成本的影响--以深圳碳排放权交易体系为例

根据科斯定理,市场可以在政府不干预的情况下以有效方式消除温室气体污染的外部性。碳交易成本的大小对碳排放交易机制能否起作用有重要影响。碳交易平台对交易成本中的交易费用有直接影响,对交易成本中的管理成本和机会成本有一定程度的影响,对交易成本中的监测、报告和核查成本基本没有影响。交易平台可以从结构性和市场性两方面影响交易成本。     

The invalidity of the Condorcet Jury Theorem under endogenous decisional skills

The current note clarifies that Condorcet Jury Theorem cannot be generalized to the extended setting where individual decisional skills are not assumed to be exogenous parameters even when these skills are homogeneous. This is true when skills are determined endogenously either by a central planner or, in a decentralized strategic setting, by the decision makers themselves.     

An Experimental Study of the Effect of Private Information in the Coase Theorem

We investigate, in an experimental setting, the effect of private information on the Coase theorem's predictions of efficiency and allocative neutrality. For a two-person bargaining game, we find significantly more inefficiency and allocative bias in the case of private information compared with the case of complete information. We also find substantial bargaining breakdown, which is not predicted by the Coase theorem. For the case of private information, we reject the Coase theorem in favor of the alternative of a generalized version of the Myerson—Satterthwaite theorem, which predicts inefficiency, allocative bias in the direction of the disagreement point, and some bargaining breakdown.