Does mutual recognition of qualifications stimulate services trade? The case of the European Union

This article analyses the services trade impact of recognition of professional qualifications using a unique database compiled by the European Commission. It observes that there is large variation in the number of regulated professions across the EU. The number of recognitions is small relative to total employment in regulated professions. Nevertheless, a robust positive relationship between services trade and recognition of qualifications is found. Recognition stimulates two-way trade between the source and the host country, suggesting that arms-length exports as well as cross-border outsourcing take place. Recognitions in health and education professions are most strongly related to services trade.     

BANKING AND BORROWING IN THE EU ETS: A REVIEW OF ECONOMIC MODELLING,CURRENT PROVISIONS AND PROSPECTS FOR FUTURE DESIGN

Abstract This paper deals with the issue of banking and borrowing in the context of the European Union Emissions Trading Scheme (EU ETS) by attempting to provide a policy‐oriented unifying theoretical framework. After describing the main features of the EU ETS, the core part of the paper consists of variations of an intertemporal continuous time optimization model. Additional elements include flexibility measures currently discussed and proposed in other emissions trading systems (USA, Australia), which include the use of safety valves, minimum price auctioning or offsets from domestic or international projects.     

IS E‐GOVERNMENT LEADING TO MORE ACCOUNTABLE AND TRANSPARENT LOCAL GOVERNMENTS? AN OVERALL VIEW

This paper seeks to assess to what extent e-government enables accountability and transparency in EU local governments. It also provides an overall view about how local governments are implementing ICTs initiatives to bring citizens closer to governments. Although the mere capacity of the Internet for the dissemination of information improves accountability and makes benchmarking easier, our results show that the expected benefits are far from being achieved because e-government projects are still in the early stages. The results also show that, at present, ICTs have not had a dramatic impact on EU local government accountability.     

THE IMPACT OF THE EU BLUE CARD POLICY ON ECONOMIC GROWTH IN THE AFRICAN SENDING COUNTRIES

In 2009 the European Union (EU) adopted a new migration policy instrument – the Blue Cards (BC) – for attracting highly skilled workers to the EU. The present paper examines the potential impacts, which BC may cause on the less developed sending countries (LDC). According to the adopted framework of innovative capital, the BC will reduce human capital in LDC. In addition, BC will also have a negative impact on knowledge capital. These findings suggest that the BC is not coherent with the EU's development policy. Without appropriate policy responses, BC fade the developing country growth prospects away. In order to address the skill drain issues, we propose and examine alternative migration policy options for the LDC.     

欧盟地热能源技术研发及未来发展趋势

欧盟地热能源技术相对成熟,但其进一步的研发创新和技术推广应用存在技术和政策屏障.当前最主要的障碍是,钻井的高成本和储量不能达到预期生产目标.排除这些障碍,将成为欧盟地热能源技术未来的研发趋势和发展方向.通过详细分析欧盟地热能源技术的研发现状、市场前景和发展趋势,旨在为中国新能源技术的可持续发展提供有益的路径和经验借鉴.     

Institutional Reforms,EU Accession,and Bank Efficiency in Transition Economies: Evidence from Bulgaria

This paper examines the efficiency of Bulgarian banks and its determinants over the period 1999-2007. The levels of technical, allocative, and cost efficiency are estimated using a nonparametric methodology and then regressed on a number of bankspecific, institutional, and EU-related factors. The findings indicate that foreign banks were more efficient than domestic private banks, although the gap between them narrowed over time. State-owned banks ranked last, but their privatization resulted in efficiency gains. Capitalization, liquidity, and enterprise restructuring enhanced bank efficiency, whereas banking reforms had an adverse effect. The Treaty of Accession and EU membership were associated with significant efficiency improvements.     

碳中和目标下基于GA-BP神经网络的碳交易定价模型及其模拟研究

系统剖析了欧盟碳排放交易体系,在厘清GA-BP神经网络原理的基础上构建了基于GA-BP神经网络的碳交易定价模型,用以刻画碳交易价格的影响因素,并结合情景设置、数值模拟不同情景下不同因素对碳交易价格的作用机理。研究结果表明GA-BP神经网络对于碳交易价格模拟具有可靠性,在不同经济发展水平和能源结构情景下碳交易价格变化较大,构建区域碳排放交易体系不仅能促进温室气体减排,还能优化能源结构,其关键在于形成与碳排放交易体系相适应、相配套的体制机制,营造契合碳中和目标的政策环境。论文旨在为我国碳交易市场运行机制优化提供理论参考,为我国碳中和与高质量发展目标的实现提供有益增补。     

中国—欧盟贸易差额现状及其原因的实证分析

在分析中国与欧盟双边贸易差额数据差异的基础上,利用主成分分析方法,将影响中欧贸易差额的原因归为供给变量、需求变量和贸易政策环境三大因素。再利用多变量回归分析方法,研究其影响。结论为供给因素是影响中欧贸易差额扩大的根本原因,近期的贸易政策环境的变化是导致中欧贸易顺差扩大的短期因素,而需求因素的变化有减少中欧贸易差额的作用。     

中欧中小企业融资结构与融资政策的比较

欧盟在中小企业发展方面的成功是有目共睹的,其在中小企业融资方面的经验是值得我们借鉴的,本文通过中欧中小企业融资现状与政策的对比,来发现欧盟中小企业融资经验对我国的一些启示.     

欧盟东扩对我国纺织业的潜在影响分析

进入21世纪,欧盟东扩的进程不断加快。作为我国支柱产业的纺织业将面临更多的挑战:原有出口配额企业配额的丧失;贸易转移效应;反倾销、反补贴措施的严重性;技术贸易壁垒的“东扩”;保障条款的滥用以及投资转移效应的影响等。我国的纺织服装企业只有全面提高自己的适应能力,才有可能将欧盟东扩作为进入欧盟的平台,扩大对欧盟的出口。