GDP硬性指标下产能过剩的分析及其应对策略

通过介绍GDP指标及其对我国经济发展的影响,分析了它与产能过剩之间的关系,提出应引入绿色GDP评价指标。认为将绿色GDP指标作为衡量我国政府绩效的指标,既符合绩效审计寻求发展的内在要求,又是实现可持续发展的必然选择。因此,在今后的经济建设中,各级政府应努力贯彻＂科学发展观＂,建立纳入了资源耗减成本与环境成本的“绿色GDP”评价指标,形成可持续发展理念。     

微观企业全要素生产率测度方法的比较与应用

微观企业TFP通常是不可观测的,它的估计面临内生性、联立性等诸多问题。在系统分析微观生产函数估计所面临主要问题的基础上,经过蒙特卡洛模拟法,比较了微观生产函数最新估计方法的优劣,发现广泛应用的OP、LP和ACF参数估计方法,倾向于高估微观企业的TFP,而De Loecker、GNR和联合估计的TFP测度方法能够得到TFP的稳健估计,增加值类生产函数估计倾向于高估微观企业的TFP,并且高估TFP的离散程度。将前沿TFP测度方法用于中国生产要素错误配置问题的研究,发现要素再配置具有显著的TFP促进效应,但是低于Hsieh和Klenow(2009)政策模拟的估计结果。据此,提出以微观企业TFP开展实证研究的对策建议。     

绿色供应链管理对制造企业绩效的影响

运用结构方程模型,依据广州、深圳两地共236家制造企业数据,考量环境协同、环境监督与企业绩效之间的关系。结果表明：绿色供应链管理将社会、环境责任信息公开和公众参与融入链式管理体系中,能协同上、下游企业环境管理活动,监督环境违规行为,实现环境绩效与财务绩效的双赢。     

绿色贸易壁垒对中国林产品出口的影响及对策

近年我国林产品出口增长迅速,但是应当看到在增长背后的隐患与不足。由森林认证形成的消费绿色贸易壁垒成为我国林产品出口的一大隐患,若不加以重视,将会逐渐削弱我国的木质产品竞争力;而一旦有关国家强制实施森林认证,将对我国林产品出口造成沉重的打击。本文以木制家具业为例对该影响进行了定量分析。同时由于我国林产品生产和管理方面没有与国际标准接轨,致使各种法律绿色贸易壁垒从多个方面影响我国食用林产品出口。面对隐患与不足,要积极应对寻求突破,保证我国林产品出口持续稳定增长。     

Are Small Firms Really Less Productive?

Small and medium-sized establishments (SMEs) account for a large proportion of industrial employment and production in almost all countries. Moreover, the recent literature emphasizes the role SMEs play in nurturing entrepreneurship and generating new products and processes. Although SMEs could be a source of new ideas and innovations, there are substantial productivity differences between small and large establishments. In this paper, we analyze three sources of productivity differentials: technical efficiency, returns to scale, and technical change. Our analysis on the creation, survival, and growth of new establishments in Turkish manufacturing industries in the period 1987–1997 shows that all these three factors play a very important role in determining the survival probability and growth prospects of new establishments.     

Green decisions: demographics and consumer understanding of environmental labels

This research examined the demographic profiles of Australian green consumers in relation to their satisfaction of environmental labelling. It examined consumers’ understanding of labelling and empirically investigated the association of demographic profile of consumers with their attitudes towards such labels. The results indicated that some of the demographic variables were significant, which is largely consistent with earlier findings by other researchers in this area. Label dissatisfaction was higher in the older and middle age respondents. However, some respondents disagreed that labels were accurate while commenting that labels were easy to understand. The key issue arising from the findings is that in order to provide perception of accuracy in labels, it is an option to use Type I or Type III labelling on products. These labels are, arguably, more credible because they are endorsed by third party labelling experts. This would come at a cost and for green products that use third party labelling, they will also have to bear in mind to keep the prices competitive.     

我国绿色物流发展研究

绿色物流作为新兴的服务产业,在我国尚处于起步阶段,还面临许多重大而紧迫的问题。本文通过对我国与发达国家绿色物流发展现状进行分析,找出我国绿色物流发展中存在的问题,并提出加快发展我国绿色物流的建议。     

Incorporating satisfaction measures into a restaurant productivity index

The increasing stature of the foodservice industry in the global service economy suggests that productivity analyses—similar to those performed in non-service-based settings—would benefit multi-unit operators by maximizing their desirable operational outcomes while minimizing expenses and other detrimental conditions such as low job satisfaction. This paper suggests that such analyses might be possible through the application of a holistic productivity metric—one that includes traditional operational variables such as revenue, profit, food cost, and labor cost, and previously ignored variables such as guest and employee satisfaction as well as retention equity. Through data gathered from a single chain's 36 corporate-owned, same-brand casual-theme restaurants located in metropolitan centers across the United States, we found that factors leading to maximum outputs such as controllable profit and retention equity include employee satisfaction in addition to expected variables such as cost of goods sold and number of seats. Most notably, employee satisfaction as an input proved to be the most volatile variable in maximizing operational outputs.     

Cost structure and productivity growth of the Taiwanese international tourist hotels

This study investigates the cost structure and economic implications of the Taiwanese international tourist hotel industry. A multi-product translog cost function with three inputs and three outputs is estimated using seemingly unrelated regression estimation and three-stage least squares. A balanced panel dataset consisting of 47 international tourist hotels in Taiwan over the period 1997–2001 was obtained from Taiwanese Tourism Bureau and used to estimate the cost function. The results show that both scale and scope economies exist in the Taiwanese international tourist hotel industry. In addition, productivity growth is positive over the study period. Managerial and policy implications for the Taiwanese international tourist hotel industry are also discussed.     

对构建我国绿色壁垒应对平台的思考

信息渠道不畅、缺乏针对性的有效的咨询服务和技术支持等是目前我国大多数企业抗衡绿色壁垒的最大困难。政府应发挥其在抗衡绿色壁垒中的主导作用,构建由三大子系统、三大体系支撑的绿色壁垒应对平台,完善绿色壁垒风险预警管理系统,通过有效的运作,帮助企业最大限度地减少和避免产品出口遭受绿色壁垒的影响。