计算机网络中的计时进程及链路层应用

本文首先简述链路层的环境,然后对计时进程设计、链路层的超时和繁忙状态处理作了详细的分析说明。     

Ownership, institutions, and capital structure: Evidence from China

We employ a unique data set to explore the role of ownership structure and institutional development in debt financing of non-publicly traded Chinese firms. We show that state ownership is positively associated with leverage and firms’ access to long-term debt, while foreign ownership is negatively associated with all measures of leverage. Surprisingly, firms in better developed regions are associated with reduced access to long-term debt, suggesting the availability of alternative financing channels and the tightening of the lending standards under the on-going banking reform. The combination of ownership structures and institutions explains up to 6% of the total variation in firms’ leverage decisions, while firm characteristics alone explain no more than 8% of the variation. Further, we show that non-state-owned firms tend to have lower total and short-term debt than their state-owned counterparts in less developed regions. Finally, we show that state-owned firms’ easy access to long-term debt is positively associated with long-term investment and negatively associated with firm performance.     

Performance analysis of a focused hospital unit: The case of an integrated trauma center

The concept of focus [Skinner, W., 1974. The focused factory. Harvard Business Review 52 (3), 113–121], notably operationalized in manufacturing entities like cells and focused factories, has also been adopted by the health care industry. Examples include patient-focused care systems and product/service lines. Despite its longevity, there is a paucity of studies analyzing the focus concept and its link to performance, especially in health care. This research is aimed at enhancing our understanding of how a focus-based approach to organization redesign in health care affects processes and practices, and what operational, clinical, and financial outcomes result from such a change. The research setting is a single case site within a large medical center for which costs for trauma care used to exceed income. Using a structured framework, we document the design and operation of this physically and organizationally integrated Level I trauma care center and compare it to its preceding operation. Its pre- and post-conversion performance is analyzed using symmetric event windows covering three-year periods before and after the focused hospital unit (FHU) was established. Under a sizable increase in workload, we find no change in mortality, moderate improvement in length of stay, and a large improvement in net operating margins. Surprisingly, the latter stem not from reductions in cost but in sharply increased hospital reimbursements. Previous studies of hospital restructuring involving focused patient populations have not conclusively supported a positive link between focus and outcomes. However, this investigation of a specific FHU suggests, conceptually as well as quantitatively, that focus can be an attractive element in health care system design.     

Benchmarking:企业经营运作新方法

Benchmarking是国外八十年代发展起来的一种新型经营管理方法 ,正在被世界上越来越多的大公司所采用 ,并在竞争中取得了显著成效。其思想基础、观察角度、基本步骤对我们现有企业的经营运作、摆脱困境都是一个很好的启示     

农村经济改革与"三化"道路选择

在我国农村经济改革过程中，农村市场化是基础，农业产业化是中介，农村城镇化是目标。目前。“三化”仍处于初级阶段，存在很多问题需要解决。建议增强农产品竞争力，走市场化道路；提高农业组织化程度，走产业化道路；加快农村剩余劳动力转移，走城镇化道路。     

Sustainable development. With or without mankind?

The author challenges the conventional wisdom that the main risk to Western development is environmental degradation caused by mankind. Concern over the greenhouse effect and global warming have more to do with millenium fever than reality. There is still very little evidence to suggest that these environmental phenomena result from human activity. What we do know is that there have been major cyclical fluctuations throughout history. The author cautions against implementing ‘scientistic’ policies in the face of such doubts, just because it is trendy to do so.     

基于六西格玛管理法的我国银行流程再造研究

基于六西格玛管理法的银行流程再造(PRSS),是以银行业务流程为切入点,引入六西格玛管理法的思想、步骤、目标、技术方法来规范、量化银行流程再造,并以其作为理论指导路径和实施框架,从而不断提高顾客满意度与绩效,使银行获得持续的动态竞争优势。它是一项复杂而持久的系统工程,需要对整个银行体系传统的经营理念和经营模式进行全面而深刻的变革。     

浅谈水利建筑工程的现场管理

建筑施工现场管理离不开过程、质量、安全的管理。制订高标准的目标，采取切实可行的管理措施，其目的是有效地完成施工项目的合同承包目标，使企业取得相应的经济效益。     

浅谈广西田林县定安镇八新水电站工程的施工管理进度控制

项目工程的施工管理进度控制是技术性要求较强的工作，不仅要求施工管理人员要掌握组织设计的编制，还要熟悉建筑施工等方面的知识。     

对大陆传媒“市场化”发展问题的反思

在纪念改革开放三十年的今天，大陆新闻媒介应该如何发展仍然是一个富有争议的问题。本文通过对过去二十多年大陆新闻媒介“市场化”研究的评析；通过重新认识最早“市场化”经营的媒体广告在媒体发展中的地位与作用；通过对所谓媒介“市场化”问题的批判的评析，澄清人们对新闻媒介“市场化”发展认识上的一些谬误和误解。