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31.
本文从世界福利的角度,构建了一个开放经济条件下能源税对国际贸易与环境污染影响的数学解析模型,分析了在征收能源税情况下世界出口国、进口国和能源国的国际贸易与环境污染问题.结果表明,在考虑国际贸易所带来的环境污染影响全球经济福利情况下,世界范围内存在一个最优的能源税税率,按这一税率征收环境污染税可以提高全球经济福利,也可改善因国际贸易而造成的全球环境恶化的现状. 相似文献
32.
Recent rounds of GATT and later WTO have advocated widespread tariffication, meaning that existing non-tariff barriers be converted into import equivalent tariffs. From an economic point of view, the effects of such tariffication are not entirely clear. The paper presents a trade model with monopolistic competition to examine the welfare effects of tariffication. The ranking of pre- and post-tariffication welfare crucially depends on the nature of the initial trade barrier and the tariff tool applied. Tariffication using a specific (ad valorem) tariff results in the same (reduced) welfare level compared to an initial sold quota, whereas welfare is increased (the same) compared to an initial shared quota. 相似文献
33.
The trilateral Korea-Japan-EU FTA with the removal of tariffs can contribute to the increase GDPs of Korea, Japan, and the EU. The reduction of NTMs gives more benefits from the Korea-Japan-EU FTA. In particular, trilateral Korea-Japan-EU FTA with the reduction of both import tariffs and NTMs can give the larger increases in Korea, Japan and the EU’s GDPs, exports, and imports. Furthermore, the Korea-Japan-EU FTA also provides the positive welfare effects to all participating countries such as Korea, Japan the EU. And it can also contribute to increase the whole world’s welfare level. Thus, the Korea-Japan-EU FTA will be a win-win FTA strategy not only to Korea, Japan, and EU but also to the global world. 相似文献
34.
JOHN HALTIWANGER MAURICE KUGLER ALEJANDRO MICCO CARMEN PAGéS 《Journal of Economic Policy Reform》2013,16(4):191-208
Openness to international competition can lead to enhanced resource allocation in the end. While factor reallocation is essential if net benefits are to be derived from trade liberalization, the process generates costs both for transitioning workers and for employers undergoing personnel turnover. Net welfare gains depend on adjustment costs. Understanding of these issues has been hampered by data limitations. In this paper, we overcome some of these limitations by using new, harmonized measures on job creation and destruction for a number of countries in Latin America. We use these new series to investigate the impact of the removal of protectionism on net employment and gross job reallocation in Latin America. We find a robust pattern showing that reductions in tariffs and exchange rate appreciations increase the pace of job reallocation within sectors. We also find, however, some evidence of declining net employment growth as trade exposure increases. For example, we find some evidence that in the wake of tariff reductions, there is lower net employment growth. 相似文献
35.
Balasingham Balachandran 《European Journal of Finance》2013,19(4):379-390
Price reactions to interim and final dividend reductions are found to be significantly negative and stronger for interim dividend reductions. Although the market reacted negatively around final dividend reduction announcements it bounced back to its prior level within one month of the announcements. The magnitude of price reactions to dividend reductions is found to be statistically related to the size of the dividend reduction, the post-announcement effect from day 2 to day 20, the pre-announcement effect from day ?20 to day ?2, the gearing ratio and the dummy variable interim versus final dividend reduction. 相似文献
36.
从历史渊源上来看,历史上存在着自由贸易关税和保护贸易关税理论的分歧、争论甚至是对立,但就长期的动态利益而言,贸易自由化符合各国的利益,必然成为各国经济发展的主流趋势。所以,WTO原则约束下公平和贸易自由化是对外贸易税收调整的主流方向,但各国对GATT/WTO的实践中不乏“例外”和“灵活性”,这决定了公平和贸易自由化只能是相对的、渐进的。 相似文献
37.
A key obstacle to fundamental tariff reform in many countries is the revenue loss that it ultimately implies. This paper establishes and explores a simple and practicable strategy for realizing the efficiency gains from tariff reform without reducing public revenue, showing that for a small economy a cut in import duties (respectively, export taxes) combined with a point-for-point increase in domestic consumption taxes (production taxes) increases both welfare and public revenue. Increasingly stringent conditions are required, however, to ensure unambiguously beneficial outcomes from this reform strategy when allowance is made for such important features of reality as non-tradeable final goods and tradeable intermediate inputs. 相似文献
38.
中澳自由贸易谈判中的竞争性和互补性分析 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
中澳自由贸易协定的谈判从2005年4月18日起正式启动,目前双方已经进行了三轮谈判。双边自由贸易的实现将是一个艰苦而漫长的过程,本文从中国和澳大利亚两国贸易关系的竞争性与互补性分析入手,阐述了签订自由贸易协定可能对两国经济发展带来的影响,并根据上述分析提出了相应的政策建议。 相似文献
39.
Antidumping and retaliation threats 总被引:26,自引:0,他引:26
We propose and test two ways in which retaliation threats may dampen the antidumping (AD) activity we observe. First, the threat of retaliatory AD actions may make a domestic industry less likely to name a foreign import source in an AD petition. Second, the prospect of a GATT/WTO trade dispute may make government agencies less likely to rule positive in their AD decision. Using a nested logit framework, we find evidence that both retaliation threats substantially affect US AD activity from 1980 through 1998. 相似文献
40.
我国农产品进口保护的经济学分析 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
目前我国农产品保护的主要措施是关税及关税配额。本文运用图形对这两种进口保护措施进行了经济学分析,指出在国内需求增长的情况下,配额比关税更具贸易保护作用,而且,与绝对配额相比,关税配额更能以较低的社会福利代价获取保护效应。尽管关税配额不失为一种较好的保护手段,但统计结果显示,关税配额并没有起到有效的保护作用。最后分析了在目前条件下我国对农产品进行有效保护的可行途径。 相似文献