The impact of regulation and ownership structure on market orientation in the tourism industry in China

The nature of market orientation and its impact on business performance and other related outcomes have been extensively researched in a range of service contexts including tourism. In contrast, our understanding of the factors that influence market orientation is still limited. This paper reports on a study that contributes to our understanding of the determinants of market orientation within the tourism sector by focusing specifically on the role played by two strategically important variables, namely government regulation and ownership structure. The study analyses two national samples of hotels and travel services in the rapidly growing tourism industry in China. The hotel sector has been open to foreign investment for two decades and has a diversified ownership structure, whereas the travel services sector has been dominated by government owned firms and relatively closed to foreign investment. The results of the survey suggest that of the two new antecedents, only government regulation has a significant role to play in driving market orientation. Internally, access to appropriate managerial and marketing capabilities was identified as a significant predictor of the development of market orientation.     

论股权泛化条件下的内部人控制

普遍认为国有控股上市公司内部人控制严重的根本原因是一股独大，我们对此提出异议。本文首先利用博弈论和实证结果指出股权集中度与内部人控制强度是负相关的；然后通过实证研究中国国有控股上市公司的股权集中度和内部人控制，以及公司治理效率，说明中国的情况似乎与上述规律相反；最后提出了股权泛化的概念，证明由于股权泛化，国有控股上市公司实际上没有大股东，其内部人控制极其严重是股权集中度与内部人控制强度负相关规律的必然表现。因此，国有控股上市公司内部人控制严重的原因恰恰是因为没有大股东。     

交易技术与交易所治理结构的演变--基于交易组织内部权利框架的比较分析

本文采用交易组织体的内部权利框架,对特异性投资下交易所的两种统一治理结构--互助性治理结构与营利性治理结构进行了比较,进而对交易所治理结构的演变给出了解释.本文的结论是,特定的治理结构是与特定的交易服务技术水平相适应的;随着生产交易服务的一项新技术的普及,在监管条件不构成组织演化障碍的情况下,与传统技术相适应的治理结构向与新技术相适应的治理结构转变是大势所趋.     

上市公司超能力派现与公司治理结构的实证研究

本文选取2003～2005年沪市和深市的1748家上市公司为样本,研究我国上市公司超能力派现与公司治理结构之间的关系.研究发现,第三大股东持股比例与超能力派现正相关,监事会规模、资产负债率和净资产收益率与超能力派现负相关.第一大股东持股比例与超能力正相关没有通过显著性检验,反映我国前几大股东可能合谋实现超能力派现.我国迫切需要优化公司治理结构争完善法制来制止超能力派现的发生.     

数字社会建设中的科技治理问题及其法治保障路径

数字社会建设是推进社会治理体系与治理能力现代化的应有之义,现阶段我国数字社会建设中科技治理还处于起步阶段。在“回应法治”的要求下,通过归纳推理分析发现：数字社会建设中科技治理体系构建应从监管、主体、权利、权能4个方面提出完善进路。具体来看：在监管层面,应加强法律监管与社会监管共同作用;在主体层面,应构建多元主体协同治理模式,促使社会主体和市场力量积极参与科技治理;在权利层面,应加强数字科技研发中个人数据权利保障,明确个人数据权利属性;在权能层面,应明晰政府部门、科研专家、社会公众等主体权责关系,明确各治理主体之间的行为权限边界。     

加强和创新社会管理需要解决的十个症结

当前加强和创新社会管理存在着十大问题。文章分析了造成这十大问题的原因,认为社会管理问题绝不仅仅是社会领域的事情,它涉及战略布局、战略思路、政府与社会的关系、行政体制、财政体制、党风政风、社会风气等因素,建立和完善中国特色的社会管理体系,提高社会管理科学化水平,就应当综合研究和分析当前社会管理问题背后的各种深层次问题。     

美国药品安全体系改革的善治化趋势及其启示

近年来，“万络”等药品安全事件促使美国采取一系列措施以完善其药品安全体系，而美国这一系列改革实施的过程充分体现了当今公共管理领域的善治化趋势。本文在介绍和分析美国改革的背景、原因以及相关行动的基础上，结合善治的特征对美国改革经验进行总结，以期为我国药品安全工作的深入提供一定的借鉴。     

The EU Water Framework Directive: A multi-dimensional analysis of implementation and domestic impact

This paper tries to answer two questions related to the implementation of one of Europe's most influential EU-directives, the Water Framework Directive. First, it describes how three Member States, Denmark, the Netherlands and France, actually struggle and cope with this ambitious Directive. Second, it discusses existing theories of EU implementation and questions whether they are able to deal with the overwhelming diversity in national responses to this open-ended and flexible ‘new generation’ EU-directive. Denmark, the Netherlands and France were selected because they represent a fair degree of diversity. Denmark started out the implementation process with high ambitions and a relatively formal approach, whereas the Netherlands from the outset chose to follow a more pragmatic course. France is an interesting case because this country already had a mature system of river basin management in place before the WFD came into force. Compared to existing implementation theories, the paper offers a more differentiated way of describing and structuring the implementation processes that contemporary EU-directives are producing in a world coloured by multi-actor, multi-level and multi-sector governance.     

当前地方政府融资存在的问题及其治理

文章认为,由于财政分权改革导致地方政府事权与财权不相匹配,使得地方各级政府的财源不能满足现时的地方发展的需求,导致巨额财政赤字。而目前的经济发展模式和中央对地方政府考核以及官员晋升激励模式,使得这一问题更加严重,同时地方政府融资渠道狭窄,导致地方各级政府融资偏离财政监督,宏观调控艰难;地方政府融投资平台开始泛滥,监管体系不健全,导致目前地方政府债务失控;地方政府信息披露机制尚未建立,地方政府融投资信息不透明,使得地方政府的融资风险也难以宏观调控。基于此分析,文章提出了完善法律体系、改革财政分配关系、建立管理机制、完善融资体系和信息披露制度等对策。