Accounting for the business cycle: Nominal rigidities, factor heterogeneity, and Austrian capital theory

An Austrian interpretation of the New Keynesian small menu cost model of the business cycle is proposed. Austrian and New Keynesian business cycle theories share the feature that the cycle is generated by rigidities which prevent the economy from adapting instantaneously to changing conditions. Austrian business cycle theory is capital-based, focusing on credit expansion which artificially lowers interest rates and causes an investment boom and unsustainable business expansion. In contrast, the New Keynesian small menu cost model of the business cycle is based on nominal rigidities which prevent markets from clearing. Small menu costs introduce dichotomous behavior, where firms find it locally optimal to avoid instantaneous output price adjustments in the face of the cost, but this local optimum results in economy-wide output and employment fluctuations which are much greater in relative magnitude. The small menu cost model of the business cycle is extended and reinterpreted in light of Austrian business cycle theory with heterogeneous, multiply-specific capital, thus providing a rigorous formalization of the Austrian business cycle. The Austrian interpretation of this New Keynesian model fortuitously addresses several of its shortcomings. JEL classification B53, E12, E23, E32     

论GIS在社会经济领域中的运用

地理信息系统是一种新兴的技术工具,它不仅被应用在现代测绘、军事国防、野外数据采集等自然科学方面,而且被广泛应用在社会经济领域中,在管理和决策中具有重要的作用.随着人类获取空间数据能力的不断提高和信息技术的发展,地理信息系统的应用将提升到一个新的深度和广度,它将在国民经济信息化中发挥重要的作用.本文介绍地理信息系统的基本概念及其在经济、管理、法律等领域中的应用实例,着重强调在社会经济领域中开展地理信息系统应用研究的意义.     

三峡库区发展高效生态农业的途径和对策

论述高效生态农业在三峡库区建设和移民安置中的战略意义。从三峡库区实际出发，分析库区高效生态农业发展的现状和难点、机遇和方向。指出高效生态农业的发展不仅能给库区移民带来显著的经济效益，促进库区农业、环境、社会的持续发展，而且能确保三峡工程建设顺利进行和长治久安。并针对目前库区农业存在的问题，提出了库区农业高效生态化及产业化的发展对策。     

天津滨海新区区域经济特点、问题与对策

开发滨海新区是天津市经济发展的重大战略决策。经过7年的高速发展滨海新区已经形成了经济区的基本框架,成为天津市经济的龙头。本文综合分析了滨海新区的区域经济特点及其在发展过程中存在的矛盾和问题,在此基础上提出了加强区域经济持续发展能力建设的对策和建议。     

Would adopting the Australian dollar provide superior monetary policy in New Zealand?

Counterfactual experiments with the Reserve Bank of New Zealand's core model provide some insight into the implications for New Zealand's economic performance over the 1990s, had it credibly fixed its currency to the Australian dollar. If New Zealand had faced the relatively more stimulatory Australian monetary conditions prevailing over the 1990s, then output growth may have been temporarily boosted. However, demand pressures would have probably been greater and inflation higher. In particular, results suggest that over the latter part of the 1990s annual inflation would have been approximately 1% point higher on average. Stochastic simulation experiments provide a vehicle to analyse what the implications of currency union might be more generally. Results suggest that if New Zealand were to lose its ability to set monetary policy independent of that set in Australia, then the variability of inflation and output would increase over the business cycle.     

中国新型工业化与资源环境管理

新型工业化强调通过现代技术不断深度开发和广度拓展自然资源在工业生产过程中的利用价值,实现资源利用的高效率和可持续利用,使中国工业从资源消耗型转变为资源节约型和技术导向型."环境成本内化"发展模式的构建是新型工业化的内在要求,它具体包括:建立"成本内化"的科技创新体系;大力发展循环经济,制定和完善促进循环经济发展的法律法规体系;探索新的城市发展模式,强化城市区域生态建设和环境治理.     

浦东新区迁入人口的分异

浦东新区的极化开发形成了区际迁移和省际迁移两股人口迁入流.由于来源地不同,他们在年龄、受教育程度、行职业、收入和居住等方面形成了分异现象,与此同时,也产生了社区重构、社会极化和社会矛盾等问题.劳动力市场分层响应和城市生态位势空间响应是迁入人口分异的主要响应机理.迁入人口的分异问题会影响浦东新区的社会稳定和发展,因此,必须引起足够重视.     

新会计准则对上市公司信息披露的影响分析

本文在回顾我国会计准则变迁以及概括新准则主要变化的基础上,从内容和形式两个方面研究了新准则对上市公司信息披露的影响。认为新准则对信息披露的影响主要表现在财务报告的构成方面,财务报告的组成及其格式都发生了较大的变化。这些形式和内容上的变化使得新会计准则对上市公司的信息披露提出了更高的要求,上市公司信息披露的逐步完善将有助于投资者做出更准确的投资决策,降低投资风险,必将提高上市公司财务报告的使用价值,增强上市公司业绩的可预测性。     

基于国际直接投资的城市竞争力研究——以长江三角洲为例

城市竞争力是区域竞争力的前沿阵地,提升城市竞争力是强化区域竞争能力的关键.基于FDI的区域城市群竞争力提升存在固有缺陷,据此研究了长江三角洲城市群竞争力提升中存在的不可避免的问题.并提出以提高城市竞争力为基础来提升城市FDI集聚能力,是长江三角洲所有城市必须认真面对的重要课题.     

新制度经济学视角下会计发展:动因与启示

本文从新制度经济学的视角,从制度、产权和交易费用等角度对会计和会计理论发展史进行分析,认为制度是推动会计和会计理论不断发展的重要动力;经济发展水平决定会计发展水平;产权、交易费用与会计之间内在逻辑的一致性诞生了产权会计学派,公允价值计量是产权会计学派的历史选择。