中原城市群城市化水平与创新能力协调发展研究

经济全球化和区域经济一体化背景下,区域竞争与技术创新日益聚焦于大中城市,创新是城市的灵魂,并引导城市的发展;同时,城市作为创新的"神经中枢",只有区域城市化水平达到一定的层次,相应的创新才会产生.二者的关系在于城市通过物质和能量的输入对创新起塑造作用,而创新则通过物质与能量的输出,对城市具有反作用.城市与创新的相互作用,具体表现为以时空为参照系、城市化水平与创新能力相互作用的界面特征.基于上述理论,运用相关分析、熵权分析和层次分析等方法,对中原城市群9个省辖市的城市化水平和创新能力状况作了综合评价,并在综合和分组两个层面对二者协调关系进行了定量分析.     

The Study of Ethnicity and Nationalism Needs Better Categories: Clearing up the Confusions that Result from Blurring Analytic and Lay Concepts

Synopsis It has been difficult to make progress in the study of ethnicity and nationalism because of the multiple confusions of analytic and lay terms, and the sheer lack of terminological standardization (often even within the same article). This makes a conceptual cleaning-up unavoidable, and it is especially salutary to attempt it now that more economists are becoming interested in the effects of identity on behavior, so that they may begin with the best conceptual tools possible. My approach to these questions has been informed by anthropological and evolutionary-psychological questions. I will focus primarily on the terms ‘ethnic group’, ‘nation’, and ‘nationalism’, and I will make the following points: (1) so-called ‘ethnic groups’ are collections of people with a common cultural identity, plus an ideology of membership by descent and normative endogamy; (2) the ‘group’ in ‘ethnic group’ is a misleading misnomer—these are not ‘groups’ but categories, so I propose to call them ‘ethnies’; (3) ‘nationalism’ mostly refers to the recent ideology that ethnies—cultural communities with a self-conscious ideology of self-sufficient reproduction—be made politically sovereign; (4) it is very confusing to use ‘nationalism’ also to stand for ‘loyalty to a multi-ethnic state’ because this is the exact opposite; (5) a ‘nation’ truly exists only in a politician’s imagination, so analysts should not pretend that establishing whether something ‘really’ is or is not ‘a nation’ matters; (6) a big analytic cost is paid every time an ‘ethnie’ is called a ‘nation’ because this mobilizes the intuition that nationalism is indispensable to ethnic organization (not true), which thereby confuses the very historical process—namely, the recent historical emergence of nationalism—that must be explained; (7) another analytical cost is paid when scholars pretend that ethnicity is a form of kinship—it is not.     

当前我国城市社群隔离产生的原因、危害及对策

中国改革开放后 ,一大批农民离开自己的土地和家园来到城市。农民工群体与市民群体成为当前我国城市中两大主要群体。他们之间的关系对整个社会整合与稳定有着十分重要的作用。本文分析了两大群体间产生隔离现象的原因 ,危害及其对策     

培育和扩大山西中等收入阶层的对策和建议

为了尽快提高山西中等收入阶层的比重,构建"橄榄型"社会阶层结构,必须不断加强培育和扩大中等收入阶层的舆论导向;以培育和扩大中等收入阶层为重点,深化收入分配制度改革;大力发展教育,促使低收入阶层向中等收入阶层转化;制定合理的产业政策,推进产业结构的优化升级;切实解决"三农"问题,促进农民成为中等收入者;大力发展非公有制经济和中介服务业.     

深圳应更好发挥产业集群的增长引擎作用

近几年，我国各地区掀起了一股发展产业集群的热潮，这股热潮的背后也隐藏着诸多问题。本文以深圳市为例，分析了目前产业集群发展中存在的各产业集群间联系效应不强、地区间集群同构等问题，并为产业集群的进一步健康、可持续发展提出了发展链条型产业集群、互补型产业集群等相应的建议。     

培育和发展具有核心竞争力的大公司和大企业集团

为了增强中国经济实力和对“入世”后面对的激烈竞争，必须发展大公司和大企业集团。从目前情况看，中国的大公司和大企业集团的核心竞争力还很弱，在技术创新能力，多样化经营能力，适应市场能力和赢利能力等方面都与发达国家的大企业存在很大差距，我们必须从体制，机制，技术创新，增加人力资本，改善外部环境等方面多做工作，促进大公司和大企业集团核心竞争力的提高。     

The Attitudes of British National Health Service Managers and Clinicians Towards the Introduction of Benchmarking

This paper describes an empirical study, conducted in three acute hospitals, of the attitudes of central managers, medical managers and clinicians towards the adoption of benchmarking. Benchmarking was portrayed in The New NHS White Paper (1997) as an important means of improving efficiency over the next decade. The present paper examines the context of change and nature of benchmarking. Findings are presented in seven sections including: the understanding which respondents had of benchmarking; their willingness to be involved in benchmarking; the existence of strategies and policies for implementing benchmarking; the relevance of existing costing information; and the role of networks in facilitating benchmarking. The study concludes that the process of change adopted contradicted most of the factors associated with creating receptivity to change. Also, that the publication of the National Reference Costs seemed to have more relevance to resource planning at central National Health Service Management Executive level, than to effecting improvements at operational level in acute hospitals.     

制度偏好差异与电力产业规制放松的困境--"厂网分开"引发的深层思考

本文利用“芝加哥”学派利益集团理论的基本假设，对我国电力产业内部人势力的形成、强化及其行为对市场交易的扭曲进行了详尽的分析，从而为当前电力产业规制困境的发生提出了一个基于制度偏好和企业行为的解释。结果表明，在缺乏有效规制的背景下．对自然垄断产业实施等同于一般产业的“放权让利”武改革，为利益集团的成长提供了制度条件和资金支持。由于管制权力分散在诸多的“条块”之间。“厂网分开”后也没有建立权威性的专业机构．不同利益取向的参与者之间的博弈使电力产业的规制放松陷入困境。     

Population Aging and the Possibility of a Middle-Income Trap in Asia

We present three conditions for a demography-driven middle-income trap and show that many economies in East, South, and Southeast Asia satisfy all of them. The conditions involve (1) the support ratio of workers to consumers has an impact on economic growth, (2) economic development accompanies more investment in human capital and lower fertility due to the quantity–quality trade-off, and (3) a current low level of fertility corresponds to very low support ratios for keeping up with frontier economies in the long run. Panel analysis for 178 countries shows that (1) and (2) are satisfied for Asia with higher elasticity than others. As for (3), we set up a dynamic model for simulations, showing that approximately two-third of Asia’s developing countries have an unsustainable level of support ratios, implying possibility of a middle-income trap due to future demographic headwinds.     

The Role of Total Factor Productivity Growth in Middle-Income Countries

We examine the importance of total factor productivity (TFP) growth in middle-income countries (MICs) based on cross-country panel data for the period of 1975–2014. We find that TFP growth contributed significantly to a country’s upward transition from middle-income to high-income country group. The TFP growth model reveals that the catch-up effect, human capital, smaller population, weak currency, and research and development growth are significant sources of TFP growth. We do not find a systematic difference in the TFP growth models for MICs. In analyzing the role of factors influencing TFP growth at different income stages, strengthening innovative activities and building innovative capacities are important in overcoming the challenges that MICs face when transitioning to the high-income group. Governments of upper MICs need to initiate reform to motivate innovation by optimizing national R&D systems, and redesigning the educational system to target promoting innovation.