建设项目设计阶段的投资控制

针对近年来国内建设项目普遍存在“三超”现象，分析了造成严重投资失控问题的主要原因，指出在设计阶段进行投资控制对于全面控制建设项目总投资的重要性。研究了如何运用价值工程、推行优化设计、限额设计和标准设计等方法，达到在设计阶段有效地控制投资的目的。     

芳烃联合装置的设计优化

以某石化公司拟新建的450kt/a对二甲苯芳烃联合装置为个案，从技术和经济评价两方面对几个不同处理量的工艺装置的组合方案进行了设计计算，探讨了利用富含芳烃的乙烯裂解汽油作为芳烃原料的可行性和优越性。     

Energy and CO2 emission relationships in the NAFTA trading bloc: a multi-regional multi-factor energy input–output approach

The North-America Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) has brought together the economies of Canada, Mexico, and the US into forming one of the largest trading blocs worldwide (within the top CO₂ emitters). However, the current global protectionist discourse threatens the agreement. This paper analyzes the energy and energy-related CO₂ emission relationships between NAFTA countries in 2014 to gain insights into the climate change implications of current integration and the possible cancelation of the agreement. The analysis is performed with a multi-regional version of the multi-factor energy input–output model. The results show that NAFTA has not built a single integrated energy system, though it has helped reduce energy-related CO₂ emissions. Moreover, if NAFTA is not revoked, further integration would depend on the capacity of the Mexican energy sector to converge to the performance of its trade partners’ energy sectors. Conversely, a broken deal would induce negative environmental externalities.     

工程优化设计

加强工程设计方案优化已成为现代工程建设开展的重要工作,是控制工程成本、提高工程造价管理的关键。基于此,论述工程优化设计的影响因素与不足,提出搞好优化设计的几点建议。     

Is the leadership style important in R&D departments in Spanish industrial companies? An empirical analysis

This paper aims to thoroughly look into the effects of the differences between the diverse leadership styles on innovative outputs (intensive, efficient and eco-efficient) in Spanish industrial companies. A questionnaire for the factories was sent and was received between the months of September 2013 and June 2014. A total of 142 valid questionnaires were received. Several regression models were used in the empirical analysis. The results show that charismatic leadership positively induces an intensive innovative output, at the same time as it improves firms’ eco-efficient innovative output. Likewise, the individualised consideration that characterises transformational leadership makes this leadership style produce positive results on the whole group of innovative outputs considered. At the other end of the leadership spectrum, the transactional style causes negative effects on the relationship between innovative activity and innovative outputs, and more specifically, on the efficient innovative output.     

基于成本优化的制造业生产物流装配线排序问题分析

为了降低制造业的生产成本，提高收益，在分析生产物流配线闲置和超载成本的基础上，采用粒子群算法对其进行优化，并利用模糊自适应改进惯性权值，通过实证研究表明该方法实用，可操作性强，可以有效降低制造业生产物流成本，具有广泛的应用价值。     

矿井通风三维可视化系统及优化

系统建立了三维仿真框架,建立了三维空间属性模型和非空间属性模型,分别对空间数据和非空间数据进行储存和管理。并建立了Hardy-Cross迭代模型和离散反馈型神经网络模型优化通风网络模型。并以C#语言来实现系统的功能。     

基于加权Voronoi多边形的山区农村居民点优化布局———以重庆市崇龛镇与石龙镇为例

中国的城市化进程伴随着农村人口向城市大量转移,使得乡村普遍面临人口流失、耕地撂荒及居民点闲置等问题,严重限制农村地区的经济发展,影响基础设施与公共服务设施的配置效率。优化农村居民点布局,实现资源的集约节约利用是国家新型城镇化规划的重要内容。文章以重庆市潼南县崇龛镇与巴南区石龙镇为例,探讨西南地区农村居民点空间布局优化的科学方法。首先,结合西南地区特有的自然人文条件,运用GIS空间分析技术与景观格局指数分析居民点分布特征;然后,构建包括限制性评价与适宜性评价两个阶段的西南地区居民点综合评价体系;基于对未来乡村发展趋势的判断,依据公平与效率原则,将现有居民点划分为发展型、保留型及迁并型等3类;在此基础上,运用加权Voronoi图确定重点发展型居民点的增长极引力范围,明确迁并型居民点与保留型居民点的发展方向,最终确定农村居民点布局的优化方案。经过优化,崇龛镇基于效率原则确定出222个重点发展型居民点,节约农村居民点用地0.813km2;石龙镇基于公平原则整理出416个重点发展型居民点,节约农村居民点用地0.301km2。研究能为2个示范镇农村居民点的规划优化提供科学依据,也为西南地区开展新型城镇化规划提供参考。     

The European refugee crisis and the natural rate of output

The European Commission follows a harmonized approach for calculating structural (potential) output for EU member states that takes into account labour as an important ingredient. This article shows how the recent huge migrants’ inflow to Europe affects trend output. Due to the fact that the immigrants immediately increase the working population but effectively do not enter the labour market, we illustrate that the potential output is potentially upward biased without any corrections. Taking Germany as an example, we find that the average medium-term potential growth rate is lower if the migration flow is modelled adequately compared to results based on the unadjusted European Commission procedure.     

我国软件外包承接城市效率评价与驱动因素研究

就 业问题、环境污染以及从业人员研发能力下降已经成为制约软件外包承接城市发展的瓶颈问 题。文章运用DEA方法构建考虑非期望产出和非合意变量的软件外包承接效率评价模型，重 点比较不同模型下我国软件外包承接城市效率的差异，并引入Tobit回归分析软件外包承接 城市效率的驱动因素。研究发现：我国软件外包承接城市的投入产出组合在逐步优化，且东 部沿海城市的效率值明显优于中西部城市，其中大连市的效率值始终为1，处于生产的前沿 面。另外，人才竞争力对软件外包承接城市效率有显著的正向影响，信息技术基础设施竞争力与承接效率的关系呈显著负相关。