论行为公共政策及其在财政治理中的应用:逻辑、案例与对策

行为公共政策尚处于全球学术研究的前沿领域,而其应用特别值得中国中等收入发展阶段财政治理的重视和探讨。本文首先论述了行为经济理论四个阶段的发展逻辑,并对每个阶段进行了简要述评。基于理论逻辑所揭示的从"经济人"到"人类"的假设条件变化,在对公共政策进行简要回顾的基础上,本文阐述了行为经济为其带来的改变,并对行为政策与传统政策进行了比较分析。接着,在提出行为政策的五点特征及其对财政治理的启示后,本文较详细阐述了行为政策在全球实践的典型案例,并在最后为中国当下财政治理提出了五个方面的对策建议。     

CEO环境不确定性感知与企业创新模式选择关系研究

基于高阶理论与调节焦点理论,通过中国373家企业问卷调查数据,探讨CEO环境不确定性感知对企业创新模式选择的影响机制。结果表明：CEO环境不确定性感知对企业渐进性创新与突破性创新均具有显著正向影响;高管团队行为整合在CEO环境不确定性感知与企业创新间发挥部分中介作用;CEO特质调节焦点正向调节CEO环境不确定性感知与高管团队行为整合之间的关系,同时正向调节上述中介机制。     

产业结构调整的政治经济学诠释

本文主要在马克思主义政治经济学的框架下,对产业结构调整进行重新诠释,提出目前我国产业调整过程中出现的问题是由于相关参与主体在调整过程中角色＂易位＂或＂缺位＂造成的,明确指出企业是整个过程中的主体,而市场需求则是结构调整的源泉,产业结构调整是资本在各个部门间流动,追逐利润的结果。     

财政支农的市场一体化效应及其政策

以增加农民收入从而支撑具有产业、区域特征的市场一体化为视角,对财政政策不同的支农方式和支农工具所产生的不同的农业市场一体化效应进行了分析,认为直接收入补贴明显好于价格支持;间接支农优于直接支农;而且不同的支农项目对市场一体化的促进作用差异显著。为此,提出了逐步减少价格支持,增加直接收入补贴,增加财政间接支农力度,引导农业生产要素多渠道利用,促进农业系统内外部合作,重视三农无形资产,建立适当监督机制等政策建议。     

高职经济学教材由学科向教学体系转化研究

作为"社会科学皇冠上最为璀璨的明珠"的经济学教材汗牛充栋,高等职业教育经济学教材尽管取得了很多的成绩,但是也还存在一些问题,不能很好的满足高等职业教育培养目标和课程教学的要求,通过经济学课程的分析,探讨高职经济学教材由学科体系向教学体系转化的途径。     

Fine-scale conservation planning outside of reserves: Cost-effective selection of retention patches at final harvest

Retaining forest patches at final harvest is a key conservation measure in boreal forests, but guidelines for how to increase its cost-effectiveness are lacking. In a study in boreal Sweden, we compared the cost-effectiveness of three different approaches a forest owner may use to select patches: selection based on the conservation value of patches alone, economic cost alone or both of them combined. We also compared the cost-effectiveness of six different common types of patches. Conservation value was measured as species richness of bryophytes and lichens and as structural characteristics of patches. Compared to the selection approach in which both conservation value and cost were used, cost-effectiveness was 5-14% lower when only conservation value was used, depending on how conservation value was measured. On the contrary, using only the economic cost decreased the cost-effectiveness by only 1-2%. Among the patch types, swamp forest areas and deciduous tree groups were cost-effective types to retain. However, the patch types were complementary in their species composition and all hosted unique species. We argue that, ideally, assessments of both conservation values and economic costs of retaining patches should be made prior to harvest to enable planners to make well-informed and cost-effective decisions.     

Customers acting badly: Evidence from the hospitality industry

The activities of misbehaving customers represent a significant problem for organizations across diverse sectors and industries. Customer misbehavior signifies behavior within the exchange setting that deliberately violates the generally accepted norms of conduct in such situations. The core aim of this study is to advance understanding of the antecedents to past customer misbehavior and examine the relationship between past misbehavior and future misbehavior intentions. Although prior studies offer insights into individual events or types of customer misbehavior, to date, empirical evidence of the antecedents to past misbehaviors and future behavioral intentions is lacking. Synthesizing literature from varied theoretical backgrounds, this study puts forth five personality-based variables (consumer alienation, Machiavellianism, sensation seeking, aggressiveness, and self-esteem) and four demographic variables (gender, income, age, and education) as antecedents to past customer misbehavior. In turn, this study reveals an association between past customer misbehavior and future misbehavior intent. Structural equation modeling procedures using a sample of 380 respondents reveals support for eight of the nine specified hypotheses. The article concludes with a discussion of the study's implications for theory and practice.     

当前“民工荒”问题的经济学分析及其对策

2011年春节过后,＂民工荒＂再次出现在人们的视野中。＂民工荒＂不仅出现在经济发达的劳务需求省份,也扩展到传统的劳务输出大省。文章从劳动力市场、产业转型升级、农民工的自身选择等角度,对＂民工荒＂现象进行了分析,提出解决＂民工荒＂问题的相关对策。     

市场经济下的政府行为困境:新制度经济学视角

在我国,政府调节行为的合理性与有效性对社会经济的发展有着重要的意义。因此,本文运用新制度经济学的基本原理,结合三个典型的案例,探讨我国政府在社会经济管理过程中所面临的困境,并根据其矛盾所在提出相应的措施,包括增加横向约束机制、强化三道内外监管防线、建立灵活的职能转换机制等,以提高政府"治国而平天下"的能力。     

中美经贸冲突浅析

随着中国经济的快速发展,中国与世界各国发生的贸易争端不断,特别是中美两个大国。其冲突既有结构的矛盾,也有人为的因素。在全球经济处于发展危机中,两国贸易是否正常化,这不仅关系两国关系能否正常发展,也关系到世界经济的复苏。