价值工程管理技术在施工项目成本控制中的运用

建筑施工项目管理与城乡建设发展、新型城镇化建设和人居环境息息相关,是现代工程项目建设不可少的组成部分。在当今激烈的建筑施工项目市场竞争中,如何能降低施工成本,提高建筑产品功能价值,成为各个施工企业、特别是中小施工企业考虑的核心问题。本文运用价值工程管理技术分析建筑功能和成本的关系,进行价值分析,找到成本有效控制的方法。     

经济学中的实验室实验：经济学迈向科学研究的关键一步？

实验室实验已经成为经济学研究不可或缺的一部分，但同时饱受质疑。通过引入诱导价值理论和并行原理，实验室实验研究把经济学导入科学研究的轨道，但由于存在外部有效性不足等弱点，使得实验室实验研究还有待改进和创新。     

Leveraging collective intelligence: How to design and manage crowd-based business models

Advances in digital technologies have increased the possibilities for outsourcing business activities to crowds of independent contributors. Using the collective intelligence of a crowd opens a new range of business opportunities. In fact, crowdsourcing has led to the emergence of entirely new business models. Such crowd-based business models (CBBMs) can lead to an important competitive advantage while simultaneously presenting new challenges to entrepreneurs and executives. This article identifies and discusses three key challenges in designing and managing CBBMs: determining (1) the crowd's value to the firm, (2) how to create superior value for the crowd, and (3) how to capture value from the crowd effectively. Building on the crowd capital perspective and an analysis of the tactics and practices of successful CBBMs, this article offers propositions on how to overcome these challenges and manage such business models effectively. The identified practices can inspire decision makers when designing innovative CBBMs for their industries. Finally, the article concludes with a framework with the key decisions and tactics for effectively managing CBBMs.     

Economic evaluation of agricultural land to assess land use changes

Land-use models express the relationship between various driving forces of land-use changes and are increasingly employed in practical applications to predict possible future land uses. The relationship between the agricultural land market and land-use changes is often neglected in such models. The objective of this study is to assess the production values of agricultural land to be integrated in an operational land-use model with the aim to improve understanding of land-use changes in all 28 European Union countries. This economic evaluation of agricultural land is based on the Net Present Value (NPV) method, a method that aims at uncovering the operational production values of land rather than real estate market value. The scientific relevance of this work is the development of a comprehensive methodology for the economic evaluation of agricultural land uses in different EU countries, the integration of economic production values of land to the local suitability approach in the studied land-use model and the provision of a EU-wide database of the NPVs of agricultural land uses, including various energy crops.     

Context matters: Diversity's short‐ and long‐term effects in fortune's “best companies to work for”

Research summary: Previous research has examined the racial diversity‐productivity relationship in corporations with an evident high commitment to minority programs, Fortune's “Best Companies for Minorities.” To assess generalizability, we replicate this research using a different context of high organizational‐employee value congruence, Fortune's “Best Companies to Work For.” We are not able to find evidence for the curvilinear relationships previously found, but do uncover a linear negative relationship between racial diversity and short‐run performance. Managerial summary: Using Fortune's “Best Companies for Minorities,” previous research found that racial diversity affected both firm productivity and Tobin's q. To see if we could find these results in a different group of firms, we replicate this research using a sample drawn from Fortune's “Best Companies to Work For.” The former sample is distinguished by high commitment to minority programs, while the one used here stresses high congruence of values between the organization and all its employees. We are unable to replicate the relationships previously found, however, but do find that increasing racial diversity had a negative effect on firm productivity. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Using household surveys to implement field experiments: the willingness to donate to food banks

This paper demonstrates that it is possible to jointly produce household surveys and field experiments by incorporating field experiments into the structure of the financial incentives used to enhance response rates. We use the opportunity to donate the financial incentive to a food bank to illustrate how the strategy would work.     

现代科技伦理再思考

现代科学技术的迅速发展,使社会生活的各个领域发生了深刻变化,同时也带来许许多多伦理学的问题。由科学技术驱动的全球化进程要求将公平与正义作为现代科技伦理的普世价值,要求将风险与责任作为科技伦理的核心要素,而强化对话与合作是现代科技伦理的现实抉择和建设路径。     

论中国特色社会主义理论体系的三个问题

中国特色社会主义理论体系与其他任何理论体系一样,其产生都具有时代、现实和历史依据;其基本内涵包括邓小平理论、"三个代表"重要思想以及科学发展观等重大战略思想;其历史地位是马克思主义中国化最新成果,是党最可宝贵的政治和精神财富,是全国各族人民团结奋斗的共同思想基础,是不断发展的开放的理论体系,是发展中国特色社会主义必须长期坚持的重要指导思想。     

客户盈利能力分析:基于客户成本的视角

客户盈利能力分析是一种创新的管理分析方法,它根据盈利能力不同对客户区别对待.本文通过调查并与美国的一项调查结果相比较发现,客户盈利能力分析在我国企业的应用还不广泛,目前只有少数企业开始运用它为企业的经营决策服务.此外,通过统计分析我们还发现,除客户成本消耗差异外,成本结构、客户战略等因素对我国企业客户成本分配没有明显影响.     

严复自由主义经济思想的哲学思辨

严复借助于经济人模式和建立自由主义经济的思路,重新解读人性和人的存在,解构了传统人性论生物性与社会性对立的思维,并由抽象的人性观照转向关注人的个体性,使对人的理解,由传统的群体本位转向个体本位.在自由主义经济的语境中重构价值理念,肯定了两利基础上利益追求的舍道德性与合人性.确立利益主体与权力主体合一的主体意识,引发利益基础上人权的制度诉求.