“十一五”我国农产品质量安全发展的条件和趋势分析

文章在总结农产品质量安全发展的新形势的基础上,探讨了WTO对我国农产品质量安全的影响及提高我国农产品国际竞争力的途径,同时对“十一五”安全农产品市场发展的前景与趋势进行了系统的分析,为农产品质量安全的发展指明了方向。     

唐代寺院的水碾硙经营

唐代佛教寺院经济发展到了兴盛阶段，其经济活动和整个社会生活有着密切的联系。寺院大规模的水碾硙经营活动，对于国家经济和管理制度都产生了重要影响。唐王朝水权管理制度的变迁，在国家制度建设方面有着重要意义，但在实际执行过程中其绩效有限。从佛教寺院水碾硙经营的角度进行考察，表明唐代寺院经济与当时国家制度有着密切的互动关系，而且其影响已逐步深入到社会生活的各个层面。     

中国人口城镇化的省级行政单元差异分析

基于周一星修正的1982—2000年城镇化数据和2005年全国1%人口抽样调查数据,本文依据所构建的人口城镇化贡献模型,以省级行政单元为基本研究对象,考察了1982—2005年研究期内不同时段省级行政单元的人口城镇化差异变动情况。主要从城镇人口的相对增长指数和城镇人口增长的贡献率这两个方面来分析各省级行政单元的城镇化差异,按时段将之落实到地图上,并将所有的省级行政单元划分成三个类型,然后将其对应于人口城镇化进程的四个阶段。最后,简单地说明了各省级行政单元在人口城镇化进程中四种类型的转换过程或阶段转变。     

昆明市生活垃圾处理与利用情况调查和评价

昆明市采用原生垃圾卫生填埋的单一方式处理垃圾,资源化程度低,同时对环境造成了严重的二次污染.昆明市生活垃圾处理应该采用基于垃圾分类(分选)的综合处理技术,即对于易降解的有机生活垃圾采用厌氧消化的处理方式,可以得到绿色能源和肥料;不易降解的部分进行回收或生产废弃物复合材料.卫生填埋只能作为垃圾产业化处理的最终处置方式.     

Driving Shareholder Value: The Role of Marketing in Reducing Vulnerability and Volatility of Cash Flows

Marketing professionals have historically found it difficultto measure and communicate to other disciplines and to top managementthe value created by marketing activities. All too often, justificationof marketing and communication initiatives is restricted to theirimpact on revenue generation. But, marketers do create valuein other ways. Marketing actions do lead to an acceleration ofthe market's acceptance of new products, to enhanced customerretention/loyalty, to an improvement in the size and qualityof customer bases, to price premiums and other desirable payoffs.Such financial outcomes suggest that marketing activities areoften strategic investments, not tactical, intangible expenses.We suggest that the effectiveness of marketinginitiatives should be evaluated on the basis of their impacton the basic drivers of shareholder value–cash flow acceleration,cash flow enhancement, reduction in volatility and vulnerabilityof cash flows, and growth in the long-term value of business).These shareholder value metrics provide a framework for communicationof the contribution of marketing strategies to value creation.In particular, this paper focuses on the role of marketing inenhancing shareholder value by reducing the vulnerability andvolatility (hence risks) associated with cash flows. This riskreduction (and shareholder value creation) role of marketingactivities is examined within cross-functional processes forcreating customer value such as design of new products and services,supply chain management and management of relationships withcustomers, channels and strategic partners.     

Selective hedging with market views and risk limits: the case of Hydro-Quebec

This study presents how Hydro-Quebec manages its short-term financial risks. The quantitative hedging model is articulated over forward and volatility premia and constrained by a yearly risk limit provided by the firm's Finance Committee. The hedging solutions provide the optimal linear hedging parameters and option strike levels. The second part of the paper is devoted to a theoretical analysis of the sensitivity of the optimal solutions to changes in the premia, by means of the general implicit function theorem.     

市场经济条件下城市空间增长的多方案比较研究--以珠海市为例

市场经济条件下,城市增长中不确定性因素增多,随之而来的是城市发展前景的不确定性大大增加,对城市总体规划编制办法提出了新要求.作者以珠海为例,探索适应新形势需要的方法和手段:假设方案比较与测试等,以期强化规划对城市未来发展的适应性和成果的可操作性.     

比较优势理论与“贫困化增长”问题

比较优势理论是西方国家分工也国际贸易理论的基石,但是广大发展中国家在践行比较优势理论时却遇到了贫困化增长问题,本文分析了贫困化增长的原因,并认为解决贫困化增长问题的关键在于坚持比较优势理论的动态化。     

Advantages of backwardness and forwardness with shifting comparative advantage

This paper develops a multi-sector endogenous innovation model that is able to account for the dynamics of comparative advantage of each sector within the economy. The model in this paper assumes that two kinds of learning effects exist in R&D: advantages of backwardness and forwardness. It is shown that if the economy is divided into advanced and backward sectors, in the latter sectors, the advantage of backwardness dominates, leading to cyclic repetition of comparative advantage. However, in the former sectors, the advantage of forwardness becomes more significant, so comparative advantage among these sectors stabilizes. Thus, the direction of learning spillovers has a critical effect on the dynamics of comparative advantage. Given this result, it is shown that only R&D policies for the marginal sector are effective in facilitating economic growth. If a decision is made to facilitate R&D investment within advanced sectors, R&D taxes, rather than subsidies, should be imposed on this marginal sector. Moreover, it is shown that trade liberalization does not affect the intrinsic dynamics of comparative advantage among surviving sectors in the economy if the locus of this marginal sector does not change significantly after trade liberalization.     

It's Not All Relative: The Effects of Mental and Physical Positioning of Comparative Prices on Absolute versus Relative Discount Assessment

In the context of three experiments, the authors examine the manner in which consumers compare a sale price to an explicit reference value. They find that a comparison of sale price to regular price may be more likely to involve an absolute (dollar amount) assessment, whereas a comparison of sale price to a competitor's price may be more likely to involve a relative (percent) assessment. The authors also find that vertical (i.e., columnar) placement of prices may result in a greater tendency to estimate discounts in relative terms. Conversely, horizontal (i.e., side-by-side) placement may result in a greater tendency to compute absolute numerical difference. The results provide important implications for retail managers in terms of framing and communicating price discounts.