关系型借贷视角下购房融资方式与家庭创业行为——基于2017年中国家庭金融调查的实证研究

本文利用2017年中国家庭金融调查数据深入考察购房融资方式对家庭创业行为的影响。研究结果显示,相较于民间借贷购房的家庭,按揭贷款购房的家庭参与创业活动的可能性更高,且更倾向于主动创业。进一步机制分析发现,相较于民间借贷购房,按揭贷款购房能够降低家庭的流动性约束,缓解家庭的资金压力,从而促进创业。同时,按揭贷款购房能使家庭获得充足的贷款额度与较长的贷款期限,进而有助于家庭创业。而且在偿还按揭贷款的过程中,家庭能与银行建立长期良好的信贷关系,从而有助于提高家庭获得正规信贷的可能性,促进家庭创业。为了积极推进创业创新的战略部署,应进一步健全银行信贷体系,发展和完善住房金融制度,从而有利于缓解小微企业融资难、融资贵的问题,释放和激发家庭创业活力。     

创业投资家与企业家的人力资本特性研究

创业投资企业作为一种知识型企业,与传统企业的最大不同在于,人力资本在资源配置中开始上升为主导地位。首先。创业投资家为创业投资企业配置知识资本与人力资本,这一点可以从理论与实证两方面进行解释。其次,创业不仅是创业企业家一种对机会的识别与新价值发现,而且是创业团队人员共同参与的创新行动,这个行动体现出了创业企业家特有的创业精神。第三,创业投资家与创业企业家之间的人力资本特性关系以及由此产生的治理机制是创业投资企业治理的关键,信任与合作是克服创业投资家和创业企业家之间代理风险的关键。本文主要从以上三方面详细分析了创业投资家与创业企业家的人力资本特性及其相互关系。     

旅行社创业管理实现模式的构建——基于系统动力学的视角

目前尚没有学者对旅行社创业管理的实现模式进行系统研究。为了建立旅行社创业管理的实现模式,文章首先回顾相关理论;其次,界定了创业管理、创业绩效和功能要素的相关概念,并在前期调研的基础上,确定了旅行社创业成功的关键因素;再次,通过系统动力学方法确定了创业管理的功能要素,并对这些要素进行了分解;最后,提出创业管理行为是一个动态连续的,从发现机会到实施创业行为,到评估创业行为的不断完善的过程,需要有系统的创业管理逻辑。因此,建立了基于创业文化形成,创业机会、资源匹配下的战略选择和创业绩效评价与反馈的三阶段动态创业管理实现模式。     

高职学生网络创业存在的问题及对策研究

大学生网络创业的产生有一定的历史必然性。高职学生网络创业的主要方式为网上开店、创办论坛和建立网站等。目前高职学生网络创业存在许多问题,为促进学生网络创业的成功,应加强高职学生的网络创业教育,创造良好的创业环境并且加强师资力量的培养。     

Human resource flexibility and strong ties in entrepreneurial teams

Human resource flexibility is important in entrepreneurial ventures that need to respond to the changing challenges of growing the new business. This research investigates the impact of previously well-known people (strong ties) as entrepreneurial team members on the human resource flexibility of new ventures. Data collected from German founding entrepreneurs in technology-oriented, incubator-based firms shows that choosing a well known individual to join the entrepreneurial team increases the founder's ability to modify the team member's work role, but complicates asking the team member to leave the team if required. Hence, strong ties both increase and reduce human resource flexibility. However, the effect of strong ties on role modifiability is statistically significant only with novice entrepreneurs. These research findings counsel founders to discuss role modification and exit during partnership and entrepreneurial team membership negotiations.     

Is self-employment really a bad experience? : The effects of previous self-employment on subsequent wage-employment wages

We use propensity score matching methods to quantify the effects of past self-employment experience on subsequent earnings in dependent employment using data on the population of Danish men observed between 1990 and 1996. Our results generally confirm existing studies in that we find that a spell of self-employment is associated with lower hourly wages compared to workers who were consecutively wage-employed. We also show, however, that this effect disappears—and even becomes positive in some settings—for formerly self-employed who find dependent employment in the same sector as their self-employment sector. Hence, the on average negative effect of self-employment is rather caused by sector switching than by the self-employment experience per se. Moreover, formerly self-employed who either enjoyed a high income or hired at least one worker during their self-employment spell receive wages in subsequent dependent employment that are at least as high as for individuals who have been consecutively wage-employed.     

How do bankruptcy laws affect entrepreneurship development around the world?

How do bankruptcy laws as formal institutions affect entrepreneurship development around the world? Do entrepreneur-friendly bankruptcy laws encourage more entrepreneurship development at a societal level? We posit that if bankrupt entrepreneurs are excessively punished for failure, they may give up potentially high-return but inherently high-risk opportunities to start new businesses. Amassing a cross-country database from 29 countries spanning 19 years (1990-2008), we find that lenient, entrepreneur-friendly bankruptcy laws are significantly correlated with the level of entrepreneurship development as measured by the rate of new firm entry.     

Industry changes in technology and complementary assets and the creation of high-growth firms

This study uses employment data to examine why some industries host more new high-growth firms than others. Using a unique data base of 201 industries over a 15-year period, we find that increases in the proportion of employment of scientists and engineers in industries are positively associated with counts of fast-growing new firms; however, we do not detect a relationship between fluctuations in the proportion of employment in sales and production occupations and counts of fast-growing new firms. The findings suggest that technological innovation is an important determinant of entrepreneurial opportunity. Further, they suggest that private new firms are an important means of organizing commercial innovation and that new firms may be less constrained by complementary assets than has been previously understood.     

企业家资本与经济增长:一个文献综述

企业家作为在现代经济中最重要的参与者(Lazear,2005),在增长理论产生至今的大部分时间里都被排除在主流之外。近些年,伴随对增长问题理论研究的深化,企业家因素重新被纳入到人们的关注范围,并进一步剥离出了企业家资本概念。作为增长理论的最新研究成果,企业家资本强调以创设新企业作为新的增量对经济增长的推动作用,克服了传统分析模型难以将存量企业中的企业家行为纳入增长理论分析的缺陷。本文回顾了包括企业家理论、增长理论等在内的大量文献,围绕企业家资本与经济增长这一核心命题,对相关理论和实证研究成果进行了梳理和评述,以图进一步解析企业家在现代经济增长中所发挥的关键性作用。     

Hierarchies and entrepreneurship

We establish a correlation between the hierarchical structure of a firm and the likelihood of business creation among its former employees, using a sample of 16 million observations of Swedish workers and a novel proxy for hierarchies based on occupation data. Conditional on firm size and many other variables, employees in firms with more layers are less likely to enter entrepreneurship, to become self-employed, and to switch to another employer. The effects of layers are much stronger for business creation than for job-switching and they are stronger for entrepreneurship than for self-employment. We discuss two potential explanations for the distinctive hierarchy effect we find. Part of the effect could be to be due to preference sorting by employees, and part due to employees in firms with fewer layers having a broader range of skills. One test showing that the probability of entrepreneurship increases with their prior rank in an organization is consistent with ability sorting and inconsistent with preference sorting.