促进西部省域工业企业创新的政策设计——四川省工业企业的实证分析

我国工业发展水平呈现西弱东强的格局,促进西部省域工业企业创新、加速提升其自主创新能力对于中国工业经济加快走新型工业化道路、转变经济发展方式具有现实意义。在我国现行体制下,地方政府在地区经济发展中起着举足轻重的作用,因而结合制度安排设计促进企业创新的政策,并经地方政府推动实施,以实现地区工业企业的跨越发展。在创新理论的指导下,以四川省工业企业为研究实例,在进行样本企业的问卷调查及样本企业的观测点的量化测度基础上,运用因子分析法和主成分分析法,通过实证分析找出影响西部省域工业企业自主创新能力的五个核心因素和八个重要因素。从而提出促进西部省域工业企业创新、提升其创新能力的“深化以创新为目标的制度改革”等七类二十三项政策建议。     

中国不同所有制工业企业经济发展的比较研究

基于《中国统计年鉴》（2010）的数据,采用因子分析法对中国31个省市的国有、私营、外商投资工业企业经济发展情况予以统计排序,并进行了区域内部和区域之间的比较研究。分析结果显示,各省市内部国有工业企业、私营工业企业和外商投资工业企业经济的发展存在不协调性,不同所有制工业企业在各省市的优先发展情况可以划分为六种类型;各省市之间工业企业经济的发展存在不均衡性,国有工业企业、私营工业企业和外商投资工业企业的经济发展水平符合中国区域经济东强西弱的总体特征;东、中、西部国有、私营和外商投资工业企业经济发展呈现出各自的特征：东部的国有工业企业发展相对滞后：中部的外商投资_X=lk企业发展相对缓慢;西部的内蒙古、陕西、四川的工业企业经济发展速度比较快。     

MIT全球工业联盟促进全球化产学研合作

美国麻省理工学院（MIT）的全球工业联盟（ILP）是美国高校第一个建立和开展全球产学研合作的平台,ILP实行会员注册制服务。本文结合研究MIT的产学研合作机制,综合分析MIT全球工业联盟的合作资源与服务,特别是其在中国的整体战略和最新进展。建议积极引导中国领先创新企业加盟MIT全球工业联盟,拓宽国际产学研合作渠道,深化科研领域的务实合作,实现互利共赢。     

基于产业结构调整的扩大就业政策——以云南省实证研究为例

产业结构反映了经济增长的结构,因此,产业结构调整是提高经济增长对就业拉动作用的关键。研究如何通过产业结构升级与均衡来提高经济增长对就业的拉动作用,对扩大就业具有重要的意义。本文以云南省为研究对象,利用趋势分析、结构偏差系数以及取对数线性回归的就业弹性分析等方法,根据《云南省统计年鉴》提供的样本数据,分析了产业结构、就业结构以及三次产业就业弹性的变动趋势,并从产业结构调整的视角提出了扩大就业的政策。     

宏观经济波动对工业所有制结构的影响——"国进民退"的回顾与前瞻

本文利用1998—2008年的样本数据,通过实证方法研究宏观经济波动对工业所有制结构的影响,结果表明经济增长速度、货币存量、出口增长率以及通货膨胀与国有工业比重下降速度均呈负相关关系,这说明国进民退是宏观经济景气度影响的结果。因此,我们认为宏观调控政策应从优化国有与非国有企业的融资环境、对微观结构影响的程度等方面去改善国有与非国有工业企业的经营环境。     

基础设施、拥挤性与城市生产率差异——来自中国267个城市市辖区数据的实证研究

针对我国城市空间结构和劳动生产率差异明显的现状,对我国267个地级城市的基础设施情况进行指标评价,并根据评价结果实证分析了基础设施水平、城市拥挤性对城市生产率的影响。研究结果表明,基础设施和就业密度对我国城市生产率的积极作用,同时两者的合力对城市生产率具有较强的驱动作用。     

工资对产业结构升级的影响——基于中国经济数据的分析

经济增长过程中伴随着产业结构的优化升级。工资不但可以通过工资差异激励劳动力从低效率产业向高效率产业流动,推动产业结构升级,而且可以通过改变消费结构和投资结构进而影响产业结构演变,并为产业结构升级储备高级人才。本文对中国改革开放以来的工资与产业结构的经济数据进行实证研究得出:工资与产业结构之间是正向的相关关系,且两者之间存在双向因果关系。因此,工资水平的提高在一定程度上促进了产业结构的优化升级。     

碳税的产业竞争力效应分析

如何在减排的同时更好地促进我国经济发展,已成为一个亟须解决的问题。碳税是减少碳排放的一种重要手段。碳税开征与否的一个主要争论在于:征收碳税是否会影响产业竞争力。在制定碳税政策时,需要考虑碳税实施后对产业竞争力产生影响的可能性及程度,采取相应补偿措施,实现节能减排的目的。     

Backcasting energy futures using industrial ecology

Backcasting has been widely used for developing energy futures. This paper explores the potential for using industrial ecology to guide the development of energy futures within a backcasting framework. Building on the backcasting work of Robinson [1], a seven step method is presented to embed industrial ecology principles within the development and assessment of future scenarios and transition paths toward them. The approach is applied to the case of backcasting regional energy futures in the Latrobe Valley, near Melbourne, Australia. This region has substantial brown coal deposits which are currently mined and used in coal-fired power stations to generate electricity. Bounded by a sustainability vision for the region in a carbon-constrained world, regional industrial ecologies in 2050 were backcast around three themes: bio-industries and renewables (no coal usage); electricity from coal with carbon capture and storage (low to high coal usage); and coal to products such as hydrogen, ammonia, diesel, methanol, plastics and char (demonstrating medium to high overall coal use relative to current levels). Potential environmental, technological, socio-political and economic impacts of each scenario across various life cycle stages were characterised. Results offer a platform for regional policy development to underpin deliberation on a preferred future by the community, industry and other stakeholders. Industrial ecology principles were found to be useful in backcasting for creatively articulating alternative futures featuring industrial symbiosis. However, enabling the approach to guide implementation of sustainable transition pathways requires further development and would benefit from integration within the Strategic Sustainable Development framework of Robèrt et al. [2].     

A framework for mapping industrial emergence

The industrial landscape is becoming increasingly complex and dynamic, with innovative technologies stimulating the emergence of new applications, business models and industries. This paper presents a framework for mapping science and technology-based industrial emergence, in order to better understand the nature and characteristics of such phenomena, as a basis for improved strategy development. A full lifecycle perspective is included, emphasizing early stage phases associated with scientific and technological developments, together with key transitions between phases related to the conversion of scientific knowledge to technological capability, application, industrial activity and economic value. Roadmapping concepts are used to map industrial emergence phenomena from various perspectives that cover value creation and capture activities together with demand and supply-side factors. The framework has been tested by developing more than 25 diverse ‘emergence maps’ of historical industrial evolution, building confidence that the framework might be applicable to current and future emergence. Common characteristics of industrial emergence have been identified, including key events and milestones, focusing on a chain of demonstrators that delineate the various phases and transitions.