制度递延逆反论——一个典型制度变迁的案例描述与推论

西方新制度经济学家在研究制度变迁时,忽视了一个十分重要的内容--制度递延,而制度递延对全面理解和衡量制度变迁的效率是非常重要的.本文通过对典型案例的观察,发现制度递延会产生逆反效应,即一项制度变迁后,社会文化环境出现严重的负面效应,从而部分抵制了制度变迁的积极作用,进一步扩展发现,在我国市场经济体制建立过程中,诚信面临巨大的考验.由此提醒:在推进社会主义新农村建设过程中,采取积极措施,最大限度地减少负面效应.     

转型社会政府审计战略定位:一个分析框架

中国经济发展过程是多元利益主体形成的过程,利益主体多元化促使政府职能转型.本文以市场经济下政府职能为分析的出发点,阐述了我国转型社会政府审计三层次战略定位,从而构建了一个转型社会政府审计战略定位的理论框架.     

茶叶交易中的信息问题及其市场纠正——着重于农残问题分析

茶叶交易中一些质量信息不对称是市场低绩效竞争中的主要根源之一。导致茶叶高农残的生产行为之所以存在，是因为残质量信息不易识别和农残责任的可转嫁性；高农残是茶叶市场失灵一种表现，解决的基本方式是政府干预或优化市场竞争结构，目前生产组织结构特点决定了政策监管低效性，因此通过茶业组织制度创新，建立一个将农残外部性成本内部化的市场机制，则能有效地消除茶叶农残问题。     

机构投资者持股对股价的差异性影响研究

文章选取2013年末上海证券交易所A股作为研究样本,运用Stata12、 Excel软件,通过统计描述分析、分类回归、截面多元回归等分析了不同机构投资者对股价的差异性影响。实证研究表明,机构总体、基金、其他机构、券商和社保对股价的影响有较高的显著性;基金、券商、保险持股越高越有利于降低价格冲击指数,缩小有效价差,但降低了市场深度,社保和信托作用则正好相反;基金、社保和QFII持股增加使股价波动率增加,不稳定性增加,其他机构、券商、保险与信托则作用相反。国家监管机构须引导和鼓励机构投资者理性投资、业务创新和开展高端竞争并走差异化发展之路。     

Institutional Investors' Trading in Speculation: Evidence from China

The trading behaviour of institutional investors has attracted much attention. However, many issues related to their trading behaviour cannot be addressed without high‐frequency changes in institutional ownership. Based on a measure of the trading behaviour of institutional investors by using an institutional account dataset from China, we find that (i) active institutions trade speculatively by taking advantage of individual investors; (ii) individuals buying high and selling low offer liquidity only on average; (iii) foreign investors do not show significant patterns in speculation; and (iv) trading of active institutions significantly affects price. This study casts doubt on the conventional wisdom that institutional or sophisticated investors improve market efficiency by correcting mispricing, and provides direct evidence for institutional investors' speculation behaviour and their destabilising effect on the stock market. Results suggest that regulators in emerging markets should monitor institutions' speculation to bring fairness and justice to the stock market.     

A comparison of buy‐side and sell‐side analysts

There is very little research on the topic of buy-side analyst performance, and that which does exist yields mixed results. We use a large sample from both the buy-side and the sell-side and report several new results. First, while the contemporaneous returns to portfolios based on sell-side recommendations are positive, the returns for buy-side analysts, proxied by changes in institutional holdings, are negative. Second, the buy-side analysts' underperformance is accentuated when they trade against sell-side analysts' recommendations. Third, abnormal returns positively relate to both the portfolio size and the portfolio turnover of buy-side analysts' institutions, suggesting that large institutions employ superior analysts and that superior analysts frequently change their recommendations. Abnormal returns are also positively related to buy-side portfolios with stocks that have higher analyst coverage, greater institutional holding, and lower earnings forecast dispersion. Fourth, there is substantial persistence in buy-side performance, but even the top decile performs poorly. These findings suggest that sell-side analysts still outperform buy-side analysts despite the severe conflicts of interest documented in the literature.     

制度距离与外商直接投资--一项基于中国的经验研究

利用2000-2003年间69个投资国和地区的国别资料,本文分析了制度上的差异与作为东道国的中国吸引外商直接投资之间的关系.研究结果表明:文化制度差异越大,投资国在中国的直接投资越少;包括法律完善程度和私有财产保护程度在内的法律制度差异越大,投资国在中国的直接投资越少;贸易政策、货币政策、金融管制政策等宏观经济制度差异越大,投资国在中国的直接投资越少;政府干预程度、工资控制程度和市场规范程度等微观经济制度差异越大,投资国在中国的直接投资越少.在上述发现的基础上,本文提出了相应的政策建议.     

Franchise failure: a reassessment of the Bates (1995) results

Franchising is often touted as a safe route to business ownership in the service arena. Yet findings by Bates (J Small Bus Manage 33(2):26–36, 1995) suggest that franchising may be a riskier alternative for prospective business owners than starting a non-franchised business. We contend that this conclusion is inappropriate because flaws in Bates’ study lend themselves to alternative interpretations of his results. The most critical flaws and plausible alternative interpretations are explained, and implications for prospective business owners are discussed.     

Modeling how institutional investors allocate business to brokers

A model of how institutional investors evaluate and allocate business to brokers shows a complex pattern of influences. The broker's ability to execute transactions at appropriate prices is basic, but this combines with research and sales force performance to build a relationship that affects over-time allocation of business. It is difficult to separate relationship and selling performance, and relationship is subject to considerable decay. Research ability has a weak effect on business allocated on the basis of trading, while trading ability does affect business allocated on the basis of research.     

事业单位国有资产管理的制度设计、治理机制及其他

对事业单位国有资产管理进行改革已越来越迫切.作为规范性的事业单位的主体社会公益型组织,评价其资产管理工作的好坏不是以它们所创造的货币收益多少为指标,而必须研究设计出一整套多元的科学指标体系;应在医院、学校等事业单位建立理事会或董事会治理结构;重建成本核算的财务会计制度.