Making the ‘rules of the game’: Constituting territory and authority in Nicaragua's indigenous communities

Indigenous communities, particularly in Latin America, are increasingly winning recognition of rights to lands and forests that they have managed or used historically under customary institutions. If property refers to ‘the rules of the game’, this article uses the constitution of indigenous communal territories in Nicaragua to examine the process of ‘making the rules’. Specifically, the recognition of rights by central governments leads to political contestations over both territory and authority as communities and indigenous political leaders vie for different configurations of both lands and new territorial authorities. That is, the process of constituting large collective territories is intimately related to the constitution of authority, as it involves not only the negotiation of physical boundaries but also the recognition of an existing authority structure – or the creation of a new entity – to represent the beneficiaries. In Nicaragua's North Atlantic Autonomous Region, then, the decision over ‘which configuration of territory’ is ultimately a political negotiation over which ‘authority’ will have the right to control and enforce access to which rights and benefits from land and natural resources.     

The impact of coercive and non-coercive forms of influence on trust, commitment, and compliance in supply chains

A major premise in managing channel relationships is encouraging cooperation to achieve the aims of the relational partners. This often requires a balancing act between utilization of influence across the supply chain to motivate decisions, while employing tactics that do not damage the future of the relationship. This paper builds and tests a model of how influence strategies affect relational elements, specifically trust and commitment, which both promote strong inter-firm relationships and act as mediators of joint action, specifically cooperation and compliance across channel partners. Results suggest that coercive strategies are counterproductive in encouraging cooperation and compliance either directly or through relational intermediaries, while non-coercive influence produces positive outcomes and effects on intermediaries. Low levels of coercive influence do appear to generate positive outcomes. Managerial implications and future research based on these results conclude the paper.     

全球化视野下金融集团监管的合作与协调

金融集团是二十世纪80年代以来发展起来的一种创新组织形式,在经济全球化背景下面临由复杂组织结构及集团内部交易等问题引起的特定风险."金融集团联合论坛"自成立起来,先后发布多项旨在监督金融集团稳健运营的文件,以切实加强对多元化金融集团的监管.欧盟理事会发布的"监管指令"消弭了欧盟对金融集团监管的重复、脱节现象,使欧盟监管由行业监管向跨行业监管、由机构性监管向功能性监管的方向过渡.     

全球化视野下金融集团监管的合作与协调

金融集团是二十世纪80年代以来发展起来的一种创新组织形式,在经济全球化背景下面临由复杂组织结构及集团内部交易等问题引起的特定风险。"金融集团联合论坛"自成立起来,先后发布多项旨在监督金融集团稳健运营的文件,以切实加强对多元化金融集团的监管。欧盟理事会发布的"监管指令"消弭了欧盟对金融集团监管的重复、脱节现象,使欧盟监管由行业监管向跨行业监管、由机构性监管向功能性监管的方向过渡。     

The value of combining the information content of analyst recommendations and target prices

In assessing the usefulness of the analysts’ stock picking advice, the extant literature has largely focused on the profitability of either their stock recommendations or target prices in isolation. In this paper, we examine the profitability of investment strategies that exploit the information analysts convey through revisions in both their stock recommendations and target prices. We find that these strategies significantly outperform the comparable strategies that make use of only one analyst output.     

一种双模导引头目标检测的模糊数据融合算法

本文利用模糊集合来描述传感器的检测率和虚警率,提出了一种双传感器目标检测的模糊数据融合算法,并将其应用于双模复合导引头的目标检测,仿真结果表明算法合理。     

谈三维目标在体校教学管理中的落实

《新课程标准》提出的三维目标的第三维度是:情感、态度和价值观,本文主要针对如何在体育教学中体现这三个维度目标的问题进行了详细的分析和讨论。     

科技成果产业化目标市场评估与选择模型研究

在分析国内外目标市场评估与选择理论研究现状及其存在问题的基础上,构建了基于系统动力学(SD)的目标市场评估与选择过程控制模型;明确了科技成果产业化目标市场评估系统边界,并采用战略环境评估方法,从宏观环境支持程度、产业环境威胁力及内部资源条件满足程度等方面识别出24个营销绩效影响因素,形成了SD模型的基准变量;然后构建了科技成果产业化目标市场发展提升过程因果关系图、流图、量化分析方程,形成了SD系统结构模型,刻画出影响因素与科技成果产业化营销绩效的动态反馈规律;最后结合某高分子材料类科技成果产业化实际,对其目标市场评估SD模型进行了vensim软件模拟,并基于目标市场发展水平及稳定性模拟结果,提出了科技成果产业化目标市场选择方案,为高等院校和科研院所科技成果产业化目标市场评估与选择提供借鉴。     

风险投资网络强度与价值溢出关系研究

风险投资网络是风险投资机构在联合投资基础上形成的以信任和互利为基础的社会网络关系,其相关研究在国内刚刚起步。从风险投资网络强度为零的经济体和风险投资网络强度大于零两方面进行研究,并对这两种条件下的均衡投资额以及均衡收益进行了比较分析,探讨了风险投资网络强度与价值溢出的关系。     

Termination clauses in partnerships

We show that when designing a partnership agreement partner firms may prefer not to specify how to allocate the commonly owned assets should there be an early termination of the contract. By not including such a clause, firms induce litigation before a Court with positive probability. Firms create this ex-post inefficiency in order to increase the levels of non-contractible investments, i.e. increase the ex-ante efficiency. The absence of an asset allocation clause works as a “discipline device” that mitigates the hold-up problem within the partnership. In our set-up, no other contract but that without an asset allocation clause can credibly create an ex-post inefficiency.