农村小额信贷产品的发展机制与绩效评价

本文主要研究农村小额信贷产品的发展机制与绩效评价,深入论证了需求机制与供给机制对农村小额信贷产品发展的影响,最后得出农村小额信贷产品要向市场化、规范化与多元化方向发展,并提出相关政策性建议。     

Taxes, efficiency, and redistribution: Discriminatory taxation of villages in Ottoman Palestine, Southern Syria, and Transjordan in the sixteenth century

Governments can tax productive activities with either uniform or discriminatory rates among taxpayers. Although discriminatory rates can cause productive inefficiency and require high cost of administration, they can be preferred because of their advantage in distributional flexibility. This paper studies the discriminatory taxation of production in the Fertile Crescent. Using information from the Ottoman tax registers, it examines the basis, distortionary effects, and distributional consequences of discriminatory rates quantitatively. The results challenge widely held beliefs about the basis for discriminatory rates in this region and the Ottoman government’s motivation in adapting systems of taxation in newly conquered lands.     

Efficiency analysis of organized industrial zones in Eastern Black Sea Region of Turkey

Organized Industrial Zones (OIZs) are the production areas of goods and services that are established to provide planned industrialization and planned urbanization by structuring the industry in suitable areas, to prevent environmental problems, and to provide efficient use of resources. The aim of this study is to propose a decision-making model based on data envelopment analysis (DEA) to evaluate the relative efficiencies of OIZs located in the Eastern Black Sea Region of Turkey. First, the efficiency score of each alternative is determined by employing a DEA formulation with interval data. Second, a common weight DEA-based formulation is applied in order to obtain common set of weights and provide ranking results with an improved discriminating power in imprecise nature. In this study, the best performing OIZ alternative, which performs in Eastern Black Sea region of Turkey, is identified based on the approach proposed by Salahi et al. [1]. The DEA-based model developed by Salahi et al. [1] is improved by modifying a constraint. In order to demonstrate the robustness of the application, two numerical illustrations are given. The first example compares the results obtained by the formulation addressed in Salahi et al. [1] and the improved model; while second numerical illustration provides a case study conducted in Eastern Black Sea region of Turkey.     

Higher tourism specialization,better hotel industry efficiency?

This study examines the effects of both specialization in tourism and market competition on the efficiency of the hotel industry. For this purpose, stochastic frontier analysis (SFA) was employed to evaluate the efficiency of the hotel industry on a provincial level in China and to analyze how it is impacted by specialization in tourism and market competition. The results confirm that tourism specialization and market competition exert a synergistic effect on hotel industry efficiency in China. This study finds that tourism development as represented by a high level of tourism specialization by a destination does not guarantee high efficiency in hotels but does enhance the negative effect of market competition on hotel industry efficiency. Significant policy and managerial implications stem from these findings.     

“双一流”建设大学基础研究创新效率测量及投入产出结构合理性研究——基于“十一五”至“十三五”期间数据观测

从“十一五”到“十三五”初期，我国基础研究快速发展，投入和产出均大幅提升。运用以产出为导向的数据包络分析法，测量该时期我国“双一流”建设大学基础研究创新效率，观测13年间基础研究动态变化趋势，通过投影值分析“双一流”建设大学基础研究投入与产出结构的合理性，挖掘其创新效率存在的优势和薄弱环节，助力我国基础研究良性发展。研究结果显示：三个五年规划对“双一流”建设大学基础研究快速发展具有重要引导作用，“十二五”和“十三五”初期基础研究投入产出结构不合理的“双一流”建设大学数量比例较高，高端人才引进以及具有国际影响力的前沿性成果成为优化高水平大学基础研究投入与产出结构的关键要素。     

真实盈余管理动机下R&D削减行为与创新产出——数量、质量与效率

以2007—2017年沪深A股上市公司为样本，基于零盈余、上期盈余和分析师预测盈余对真实盈余管理动机进行刻画识别，检验公司在真实盈余管理动机下削减R&D支出对创新产出的影响。研究发现，与其它动机相比，真实盈余管理动机下的R&D削减会导致未来三期更低的创新产出、创新质量及创新效率。进一步，扩大盈余管理识别范围、使用全样本进行双重差分、替换被解释变量分别检验后，结果依然稳健。     

Airport privatisation: A successful journey?

It is now over 30 years since the first airport privatisation occurred with BAA in the UK in 1987. Therefore, the aim of this paper is to assess the impacts of this development and evaluate its effectiveness, using examples from all over the world. It begins by considering some key issues such as the extent of government involvement; the selection of operator/investor; the choice of network/group versus individual operations; and the relevance of economic regulation. This then leads on to an investigation of measures of success, particularly in relation to efficiency and service quality. Reflecting on the privatisation journey, the paper defines key changes that have occurred concerning how privatisation is considered now compared to its early days in terms of motivation, geographical reach and type of model, investor and sale. It also highlights the importance of the regulatory and competitive environment and briefly considers the impact of the coronavirus pandemic in 2020.     

做市商制度与中国外汇市场的微观运行

内容交易制度对金融市场的运行质量会产生直接的影响。本文通过对实施做市商制度前后我国外汇市场运行的分析,发现实行做市商制度后,我国外汇市场的流动性和市场效率都有所提高,美元/人民币的即期汇率波动虽然较以前增大,但依然处于比较稳定的状态,适应增强人民币汇率弹性的要求。     

Transfer and Life-cycle Wealth in Japan, 1974–1984

In this paper I use the cumulation-of-life-cycle saving method to measure the contribution of transfers to total wealth accumulation over the 1974 to 1984 period among worker households in Japan. I find that under either the Modigliani or Kotlikoff and Summers definitions of transfer wealth, capital accumulation for these households is largely the result of life-cycle saving. This study differs from earlier papers on this topic, which drew similar conclusions, by its close application of the two definitions of transfer wealth and by its extensive use of simulation analysis.
JEL Classification Numbers: D12 D91 E21     

Manorial Efficiency in Domesday England

Domesday Book reports the results of a survey of most English manors in 1086. The survey was based on responses to questionnaires, which were then publicly verified in local courts, and contains information on manorial net incomes and resources. In the paper, mathematical programming frontier methods are used to investigate the production efficiency of Essex lay estates, discover which estates were efficient, which tenants-in-chief held efficient estates, and the factors associated with efficiency.