新疆人口居住状况及影响因素分析——新疆2005年1%人口抽样数据信息挖掘

本文依据新疆2005年1%人口抽样数据,运用数据挖掘技术,结合定性分析研究方法分析了新疆居民住房现状、结构与趋势。研究结果表明,新疆居民的居住条件有所改善,住房私有化程度提高,城乡之间和地区之间的居住条件差异较大,户主的收入、职业和受教育程度对家庭的住房条件有较大影响。最后对改善低收入群体的住房条件提出相应政策建议。     

Order without law? Property rights during the California gold rush

The paper reconsiders the nature of mining districts and property rights during the California gold rush. According to a widely accepted view advanced by Umbeck [Explorations in Economic History 14 (1977) 197; A Theory of Property Rights with Application to the California Gold Rush. Iowa State University Press, Ames, IA, 1981], in the absence of effective legal authority, district codes established secure property rights in mining claims. Such accounts neglect essential aspects of the economic context, specifically that the gold rush approximated an open-access race for a small number of high value deposits. We show that mining district codes gave equal attention to the rights of claim-jumpers as to claim holders, a balance that in practice generated chronic insecurity and litigation. A simple game-theoretic model illustrates stylized features of the situation.     

Unsuccessful patent application and cooperative R&;D

We show that uncertainty in patent approvals may induce the firms to do cooperative R&D. With an exogenous probability of success in patent application, we show that, if all firms apply for patents under non-cooperative R&D, the firms prefer cooperative R&D than non-cooperative R&D for moderate (high) probabilities of success in patent applications, if the cost of patenting is small (large). We also show the implications of entry of non-innovating firms and endogenous probability of success in patent applications.      

浅议自然垄断行业中的政府规制失灵问题

政府规制(Government Regulation)是政府部门利用国家强制权依照一定的法规对微观经济主体活动进行的经济干预,其目标是克服市场失灵,实现社会福利的最大化。本文以自然垄断与政府规制的相关性分析为基础,着重分析了政府规制在自然垄断行业中失灵的表现及原因。同时,建设性地认为有限理性约束是导致政府规制失灵的根本原因,并据此提出了政府规制有效促进自然垄断行业健康发展的政策建议。     

基于不同故障类型的不完全预防维护模型

通过引入受维修次数、预防维护费用共同制约的改善因子,全面考虑Type I和Type II两种不同的故障类型,建立不完全维护模型,求解相应系统装备的维修策略。模型以维修期内的最小单位时间维护成本率为目标,在不同可靠度的条件下,求得最佳的预防维修时间间隔及最佳的预防维修次数,分析了成本率曲线和时间间隔对不同参数的敏感度,并且对各种参数对系统最佳维修次数的影响进行讨论。     

Unimodality of price-setting newsvendor's objective function with multiplicative demand and its applications

We present a general solution framework for the price-setting newsvendor problem with a multiplicative stochastic demand. Under mild assumptions, such as increasing price elasticity on the mean demand function and increasing generalized failure rate on the distribution of the random factor, we first prove that both the profit function with respect to price and its derived function with respect to order quantity are quasi-concave. Three applications are then studied under our solution framework: (1) We consider a wholesale price only contract by which a manufacturer sets a wholesale price and a newsvendor determines an order quantity and the retail price, and show that the manufacturer's profit function is unimodal with respect to retailing price or stocking factor under certain conditions. (2) We consider a newsvendor problem in which the demand depends on both the retail price and the level of sales effort, and the cost exerting the sales effort is proportional to the order quantity; we prove that there exists a unique pair of price and sales-effort levels that maximize the total profit. This result is established under a set of mild assumptions on the demand and cost functions. (3) We identify a property in the single-period profit function that satisfies Condition 1 of Huh and Janakiraman (2008), which in turn guarantees the optimality of (s, S) policy for an infinite stationary dynamic inventory-price control system with lost sales and fixed order costs. Finally, the unimodality of the newsvendor problem with a general stochastic and price-sensitive demand is studied.     

邯郸矿区水资源承载力评价研究

水资源是人类社会发展的基础,开展水资源承载力研究,并将其引入规划环评中,对于完善规划环评技术方法,更好地发挥其战略指导作用,协调水资源开发与经济发展和环境保护之间的关系具有重要的意义。本文以邯郸矿区为研究对象,从宏观、微观两个层次开展了矿区水资源承载力评价研究。     

陕西省渭北老矿区煤炭企业发展环境分析

分析了渭北老矿区煤炭企业面对的市场化改革,宏观经济增速放缓,环境保护政策趋严以及蒙华铁路修建,煤层气、页岩气等非常规油气资源产业发展所带来的严重冲击;指出其仍具有政策帮扶、员工安全生产经验丰富、生产条件完备等相对有利条件;为其科学选择发展路径奠定了基础。     

Effects of the private land acquisition process and costs on mining enterprises before mining operation activities in Turkey

According to the mining legislation in Turkey, different permits must be obtained from the authorized institutions or to reach an agreement with a private landowner according to whether there is private or public land for mining. If the landowner and the mining investor do not agree, the expropriation is conducted if the public interest is observed in the mining operation. There is no doubt that the rights of landowners should be adequately ensured by legislation. However, there are cases where land ownership problems cannot be solved in areas that overlap with mining areas and are subject to private ownership. The expropriation permit process may sometimes last 1.5–2 years. Therefore, mining enterprises are unable to start production activities and risk losing their investments. Especially for the reasons related to private landowners and experts, private land acquisition/expropriation costs for mining activities are quite high compared with the market.To identify and produce solutions to the legal problems in Turkey, in May, June, and July of 2018, a survey study was conducted to ask mining enterprises about their problems in private land acquisition and the costs for them. The mining sector in Turkey expects that all applicable legislations will be proposed in a manner that does not waste the time of the mining investor and that the private land acquisition/expropriation costs will be reduced in a manner that does not pose a risk of mining investment. In this respect, the ratio of expropriation costs to the mining investment amount (MIA) was analyzed according to the different mineral groups and the social and economic development level of the cities where mining was conducted. Based on this research, legislation practices also have negative effects on mining enterprises, on the expropriation costs and the expropriation permit processes.     

Can mining countries take advantage of their mining rents? A question of abundance,concentration and institutions

ABSTRACT

A common puzzle in economics is whether natural resources are a ‘curse’ or a ‘blessing’ for economic development. Previous studies have suggested that resource booms can promote growth, but private rent-seeking can turn these booms into a curse if institutions are weak. We argue that private incentives differ depending on whether rents are diversified across different commodities or concentrated in a few of them, because greater diversification implies higher appropriation costs. By using SITC-4 level of export disaggregation to measure within-sector concentration in 131 countries during 1991–2015, we show that the effect of mining rents on economic growth is conditional on the level of concentration within the mining sector. Mining rents enhance growth for economies with low concentration and strong institutions but reduce growth for economies with high-concentration and extremely weak institutions.