NEED FOR A SHIFT FROM A PHILANTHROPIC TO A HUMANISTIC APPROACH TO CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY

As part of their business practices, the Indian government has made it mandatory for companies who have a turnover of 500 crores and above to spend 2 per cent of their net profits from the immediately preceding three financial years on corporate social responsibility (CSR). This article proposes to examine the issue of whether this enforced philanthropic responsibility of companies is helpful to both society and the organization. With the philanthropic approach it is not necessary for the organization to fulfill its responsibilities toward those who work in and for the organization, its customers and to the ecological system in general. Achieving both organizational growth and social development requires a shift from a philanthropic approach to a humanistic approach on the part of companies and the government, accommodating all its stakeholders.     

社会保险道德风险的发生机制及防治

社会保险制度是社会保障制度最重要的组成部分,对于实现社会保障制度的功能起着重要作用。道德风险对于社会保险发挥其正常功能具有显著的消极影响。本文针对国内外社会保险制度实施中存在的形形色色的道德风险,探讨了社会保险道德风险产生的条件和特点,分析了社会保险道德风险产生的原因,提出防治社会保险道德风险的思路和对策。     

基于道德风险的校企合作创新序列机制设计:一种不可再协商契约的视角

在不可再协商契约条件下,通过设计契约中的序列机制,实现校企合作双方真实披露其私人信息,从而减少机会主义行为,促使研发投资达到最优。合作创新序列机制能够提供诱因(或威胁),促使双方自觉放弃投机行为,产生有效的交易结果,使双方的专用资产投资达到最优水平。     

市场经济下的义利之辨

义与利是市场经济的固有内容。“利”需要“义”的制约,而正当的“利”也必然合于“义”的要求;“义”天然包含“利”的内容,也是实现“利”的根本保障。在当前市场经济条件下,我们更应当强调“义”的重要性。     

A reconsideration of the Jensen-Meckling model of outside finance

The paper studies outside finance in a model of two-dimensional moral hazard, involving risk choices as well as effort choices. If the entrepreneur has insufficient funds, a first-best outcome cannot be implemented. Second-best outcomes involve greater failure risk than first-best outcomes. For a Cobb-Douglas technology, second-best effort and investment levels are smaller than first-best; for other technologies, the comparison depends on the elasticity of substitution. If firm returns are not too noisy as signals of behaviour, the optimal incentive scheme corresponds to some mix of debt and equity finance. If firm returns are too noisy, this interpretation is not available.     

会计师角色冲突与道德行为选择

会计师在企业中扮演着职业个人和企业个人的双重角色,承负着职业忠诚和企业忠诚的双重角色道德义务。本文研究了职业忠诚和企业忠诚的内涵,论证了企业忠诚的道德限度及职业忠诚相对于企业忠诚的价值优先性,剖析了会计师企业忠诚凌驾于职业忠诚的根源,阐释了会计师角色冲突条件下的道德行为选择原则和道德行为选择区间,最后为会计师在具体角色冲突情境中的道德行为选择提供了指南。     

Discretionary rewards as a feedback mechanism

This paper studies the use of discretionary rewards in a finitely repeated principal–agent relationship with moral hazard. The key aspect is that rewards have informational content. When the principal obtains a private subjective signal about the agent's performance, she may pay discretionary bonuses to provide credible feedback to the agent. In accordance with the often observed compression of ratings, we show that in equilibrium the principal communicates the agent's interim performance imperfectly, i.e., she does not fully differentiate good and bad performance. Furthermore, we show that small rewards can have a large impact on the agent's effort, provided that the principal's stake in the project is small.     

贷款证券化、道德风险与监管缺失

美国自20世纪70年代开始发展抵押贷款证券化业务以来,在住房抵押贷款市场上很好地解决了放款机构资金来源约束和流动性约束问题,保证了放款机构的资本充足率,转移了信用风险,扩大了贷款规模,推动了整个社会GDP的增长.然而,次级贷款危机的爆发使证券化所存在的风险和对金融体系稳定的影响成为一个备受关注的课题.我国贷款证券化业务尚处于起步阶段,研究美国较为成熟的抵押贷款证券化运作中的经验与教训,对完善我国证券化改革具有重要的理论和实践意义.     

金融虚拟化的道德风险及其市场影响:次贷危机的深层反思

由美国次贷危机引发的全球性金融危机和全球性经济衰退仍在蔓延之中,至今仍深未见底。从表面上看是美国房地产泡沫的破灭引发了次贷危机的爆发,但从本质上分析,次级抵押贷款证券化、衍生化和虚拟化过程中各参与主体的道德风险行为才是引发危机的真正根源。正是不断虚拟化所引发的市场信息不对称的加剧为各环节的金融中介提供了道德风险行为的空间;而金融中介道德风险行为的加剧和叠加则增加了金融市场的脆弱性,提高了金融市场的系统风险,最终导致危机的全面爆发。     

第三方物流中委托代理问题的经济分析

第三方物流凭借其优势越来越成为国际物流发展的方向及主流,但这种趋势与我国第三方物流发展却形成巨大的反差。究其缘由,除了发展环境尚待成熟和完善以外,第三方物流中存在委托代理问题没有得到很好的解决是一个重要原因,它使得企业对接受第三方物流服务疑虑重重,成为其发展的重要障碍。因此,必须针对委托代理中的非效率现象(逆向选择,道德风险)找出相应地解决对策。