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961.
962.
Christian Schlag 《European Financial Management》1996,2(1):69-95
There is a significant increase in trading volume on quarterly futures expiration days in Germany. Delays in the opening for the majority of index stocks indicate that a large part of this extraordinary volume is indeed traded right at the opening of the market. an increase in trading activity is also observed over the 10-minute settlement period for index options. Volatility remains unchanged around the expiration of a futures contract. an increase is found for the 10-minute settlement period of DAX options. Return reversals as the measure for the economic costs of contract expirations are significantly higher when a futures contract expires at the open. When an option expires at the close no clear pattern for reversals can be found. 相似文献
963.
This paper describes a two-factor model for a diversified index that attempts to explain both the leverage effect and the
implied volatility skews that are characteristic of index options. Our formulation is based on an analysis of the growth optimal
portfolio and a corresponding random market activity time where the discounted growth optimal portfolio is expressed as a
time transformed squared Bessel process of dimension four. It turns out that for this index model an equivalent risk neutral
martingale measure does not exist because the corresponding Radon-Nikodym derivative process is a strict local martingale.
However, a consistent pricing and hedging framework is established by using the benchmark approach. The proposed model, which
includes a random initial condition for market activity, generates implied volatility surfaces for European call and put options
that are typically observed in real markets. The paper also examines the price differences of binary options for the proposed
model and their Black-Scholes counterparts.
Mathematics Subject Classification: primary 90A12; secondary 60G30; 62P20
JEL Classification: G10, G13 相似文献
964.
Using radial super-efficiency data envelopment analysis (DEA) has improved the discriminating performance across efficient decision-making units (DMUs). This paper extends the super-efficiency approach to a non-radial super-efficiency DEA (NRSE-DEA) index. NRSE-DEA is shown to be invariant to units of input (output) measurement. NRSE-DEA is illustrated here via an application to NATO burden-sharing assessment in which the DMUs are the member nations of NATO. The NRSE-DEA provides additional insights into the ranking of efficient countries, suggesting which are absorbing a particularly large share of NATO responsibilities. The NRSE-DEA generates a smaller set of efficient DMUs. This, in turn, provides more discriminatory power, a more accurate measure of super-efficiency, a more meaningful ranking of the efficient burden sharing countries, and a more reliable assessment of contributions by NATO members, amongst other policy issues. 相似文献
965.
讨论了码移键控(CSK)基本原理、基于数字匹配滤波器(DMF)的快速捕获结构和用相关乘法器代替数字匹配滤波器的快速捕获结构,并对CSK系统的接收性能进行数学分析,得到了数据码错误率公式。 相似文献
966.
本文从6个方面对WTO有关协定的英文文本的语言特点作了分析,结 合翻译实践经验,对其翻译提出些建设性的意见。 相似文献
967.
Jan Narveson 《Journal of Business Ethics》2003,46(3):201-212
The argument of the "Invisible Hand" is that the system of free enterprise benefits society in general even though it is not the aim of any particular economic agent to do that. This article proposes an analysis of why this is so. The key is that the morality of the market forbids only force and fraud; it does not require people to do good to others. Nevertheless, when all transactions are voluntary to both parties, that is exactly what we can expect to happen. This is both because the sum of the benefits of innumerable transactions, which are beneficial to both parties, is very great, but also and especially because of Positive Externalities. People use the particular products and services they get in market exchanges in ways that benefit others in ways not at all foreseen by the agents to those transactions at the time. These externalities range from the benefits of invention and ingenuity to the exercise of charity and philanthropy, all of which flourish in developed capitalist societies. 相似文献
968.
969.
国有企业实施“债转股”政策已近四年。本文在跟踪调查的基础上,总结国有企业实施“债转股”政策存在的问题并提出完善的对策。尽管“债转股”政策的实施已经取得一定的政策效果。但是,它无法从根本上解决国有企业与国有商业银行之间的债务问题。应该从市场经济体制和现代企业制度建设的长远发展观点,制定与“债转股”政策相配套的各项改革制度。 相似文献
970.
A Bayesian-like estimator of the process capability index Cpmk 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Pearn et al. (1992) proposed the capability index Cpmk, and investigated the statistical properties of its natural estimator for stable normal processes with constant mean μ. Chen and Hsu (1995) showed that under general conditions the asymptotic
distribution of is normal if μ≠m, and is a linear combination of the normal and the folded-normal distributions if μ=m, where m is the mid-point
between the upper and the lower specification limits. In this paper, we consider a new estimator for stable processes under a different (more realistic) condition on process mean, namely, P (μ≥m)=p, 0≤p≤1. We obtain the
exact distribution, the expected value, and the variance of under normality assumption. We show that for P (μ≥m)=0, or 1, the new estimator is the MLE of Cpmk, which is asymptotically efficient. In addition, we show that under general conditions is consistent and is asymptotically unbiased. We also show that the asymptotic distribution of is a mixture of two normal distributions.
RID="*"
ID="*" The research was partially supported by National Science Council of the Republic of China (NSC-89-2213-E-346-003). 相似文献