A model of Chinese central government

Why was the Chinese State able to promote economic growth during the reform era, yet has been unable to do so over the previous 30 years? In this article, we focus on a specific aspect of the question, which will contribute to the development of a more comprehensive explanation: the specific institutional arrangement that may induce the autocratic government to adopt growth‐enhancing policies. We consider a standard political‐agency model (Besley, 2006) where the incumbent leader may or may not be congruent, and where, to maintain power, both leader types need the support of the selectorate, an elite group having a say in selecting the leader, as well as associated access to special privileges. Primarily, we find that in autocracies, without electoral discipline to restrain the opportunistic behaviour of a leader, the size of the selectorate should be intermediate; if it is too small, the selectorate is captured by the leader and has no disciplinary role, but if too big, the leader's incentives are diluted.     

公路养护管理站职工思想政治教育方式的思考

公路养护管理站是公路行业的细胞,其职工思想政治教育效果直接关系公路部门能否当好国民经济发展的先行官。在新的形势、新的任务和新的挑战面前,如何解放思想、更新观念、与时俱进,在继承和发扬思想政治工作优良传统的基础上,努力创新思想政治教育方式,更加贴近实际、贴近群众、贴近生活地开展公路养护管理站职工思想政治教育工作,是基层公路政工干部的重要课题。     

知识经济环境下企业政工的特性和任务

进入21世纪，人类社会出现了新型的知识经济形态，其有别于以前以传统工业为产业支柱，以稀缺自然资源为主要依托的经济形态。它以高科技产业为第一产业支柱，以智力资源为首要发展条件，给我们企业政治工作提出了新的要求、新的课题。文章认为，认清当前环境下企业政治工作的特性和主要任务，是做好当前企业政治工作的前提。     

Executive GDSS: Behavioral considerations at individual,organizational, and environmental levels of analysis

This article emphasizes the importance of behavioral considerations at individual, organizational, and environmental levels of analysis when researching and evaluating the design, implementation, and use of group decision support systems (GDSS) within complex organizations. Discussion is based on interview and archival data collected on an executive level GDSS used within a corporate setting. Issues that are considered generalizable to organizational computing, coordination, and collaboration technologies concern (a) viewing organization participants as strategic, intuitive information processors, (b) understanding the importance of organizational power, politics, and situational constraints on decision making, and (c) appreciating the symbolic value of advanced information technologies to an organization's external environment.     

农村义务教育闲置资产产权界定问题探讨——基于陕西省的调查统计

明确界定农村义务教育闲置资产产权是实现闲置教育资源再利用的起点。由于农村义务教育投资结构复杂,现行法律法规和政策规定空泛、相互冲突,导致闲置资产产权界定困难。应借鉴国有企业产权界定模式,按照依法界定、分类确权的原则,构建所有权与使用权、处分权分离的农村义务教育闲置资产产权界定体系。     

The Case of the Baltic Region： The History of the Faculty of Trade and Commerce

In the anticipation of the 150th anniversary of the Riga Technical University （Latvia）, some questions have become the objects of historical research. This article is devoted to the beginnings of the Faculty of Trade and Commerce in Latvia. The article reviews the historical situation and documents characterising the establishment of the faculty of the new educational institution; attention has been mostly paid to the history up to 1896 when the school underwent reorganisation.     

提升高职院校思想政治理论课教育实效性研究

本文通过分析当前高职院校思想政治理论课教育存在的问题,提出提升高职院校思想政治理论课教育的建议,以提高其课教育效果,做好高职院校这方面课教育工作。     

Cognitive,affective, conative,and action loyalty: Testing the impact of inertia

Research increasingly emphasizes the significance of customer loyalty to a firm's success. In order to provide a clearer understanding of hotel customers’ loyalty-formation process, this study proposed and tested an extended Oliver's (1997) four-stage loyalty model by employing a multi-dimensional approach for each attitudinal loyalty stage while considering the moderating impact of inertia. The original model was slightly altered to improve its fit and predictive ability. Results from the structural model generally supported proposed paths among the variables in the model (cognitive, affective, and conative loyalty components and action loyalty) and verified the mediating roles of study variables in forming action loyalty. Further, findings from structural group comparisons using invariance tests indicated that the links from satisfaction to commitment and intention and from intention to action loyalty were stronger for the low inertia group, supporting the moderating role of inertia. Implications are discussed, and limitations of this study are briefly outlined.     

基于校企合作的3S人才培养模式——高职会展专业教学改革探讨

基于校企合作的3S人才培养模式,企业为学生提供参与工作的机会,学生利用企业的工作环境提升自身的工作技能,高职院校与企业在实操、实训和实用3个层面上进行合作,通过跨界培养、育用结合的方式,最终培养出符合国家对职业教育的要求,适合会展企业需求的高素质会展辅助型人才。     

Women's education and economic well-being

Evidence across regions in the world reveals patterns in school enrollment ratios and literacy that are divided along gender lines. In the developing world, apart from most countries in Latin America and the Caribbean, enrollment ratios of girls lag behind those for boys at all levels of education. Worldwide literacy rates for adult men far exceed those for women. While educational progress has been enjoyed by both sexes, these advances have failed to eradicate the gender gap. Education enhances labor market productivity and income growth for all, yet educating women has beneficial effects on social well-being not always measured by the market. Rising levels of education improve women's productivity in the home which in turn can increase family health, child survival, and the investment in children's human capital. The social benefits from women's education range from fostering economic growth to extending the average life expectancy in the population, to improving the functioning of political processes. This paper reviews recent empirical research that analyzes the benefits of women's education, describes the importance of women's education for country-level measures of economic development, and examines the implications of a gender gap in education for aggregate social well-being.