The Effect of Changes in Real Exchange Rates on Employment: Evidence from Manufacturing Industries in China, 1980–2002

This paper analyzes the effect of changes in real exchange rate on manufacturing employment. Our theoretical model predicts the positive effect of depreciation of real exchange rate on employment through a firm’s expectation on changes in real exchange rate and the interaction between real exchange rate and a firm’s import and domestic input. Using China’s manufacturing data during the 1980–2003 period, we find that depreciation of real exchange rate promotes employment growth in manufacturing industries, while change in real exchange rate is not a significant factor in promoting wage growth. We also find that an increase in export share offsets partially the effects of real exchange rate on employment and real wages. Translated from Journal of World Economy, 2005, (4): (in Chinese)     

"三农"问题的制度经济学分析

从制度经济学的角度来看,制度歧视、扭曲、农村组织缺位及制度变迁的滞后、非均衡是导致"三农"问题的直接原因,而诺斯的"国家理论"则揭示了"三农"问题的更深层原因。     

组织标杆管理研究综述与评析

对组织标杆管理的产生与发展,内涵的界定以及其基本理论与方法进行了回顾并评述,并指出未来可能的研究内容。     

知识型企业的无边界组织结构分析

知识经济下知识型企业要获得持续的竞争优势以求生存发展,必然要打破自身存在的垂直边界、水平边界、外部边界、地理边界,以达到有效地共享知识、信息、资源、构想、能力等。通过对知识型企业的无边界组织网络拓扑分析可知,无边界组织结构是一种知识、信息耦合度最高,反应迅速的新型组织结构,是知识型企业组织结构演变发展的必然趋势。     

基于全面建设小康社会的支柱产业组织政策研究

我国正处于全面建设小康社会的进程中,支柱产业是实现这一宏伟蓝图的重要依托,其持续、健康、稳定发展对这一目标的实现具有决定性的意义。笔者从这一背景出发,以支柱产业组织结构为分析的切入点,深入分析了支柱产业组织在集中度和产业生产协作化方面所存在的问题,并提出了相应的发展对策。     

Vertical and Horizontal Trust Networks in Bureaucracies: Evidence from the Third Reich

In a seminal contribution to the literature on bureaucracy, Breton and Wintrobe (The Logic of Bureaucratic Conduct: An Economic Analysis of Competition, Exchange, and Efficiency in Private and Public Organization. New York, NY: Cambridge University Press, 1982) develop a model wherein subordinates and superiors in a bureaucratic structure trade with each other to advance the objectives of the superiors. The success of such an organizational arrangement (for superiors) is based upon the development of vertical trust networks in a way that facilitates the promise of informal payments by superiors in return for informal services provided by their subordinates. Breton and Wintrobe [Journal of Political Economy 94 (1986) 905] also provide a theoretical application of their model by describing the Nazi bureaucracy as a conglomeration of competing agencies that zealously carried out the Final Solution to the Jewish question. As an extension, this note develops two compelling empirical examples of vertical and horizontal trust networks within the Nazi regime: Einsatzgruppen As (Special Action Detachments) attempt to liquidate all Lithuanian Jews after the German invasion of the U.S.S.R. in 1941 and the 20 July 1944 attempt to assassinate Adolf Hitler.JEL Classification: D23, D73.     

学习型组织如何面对成长中的变革

当今世界企业组织面临的环境正经历着前所未有的变化,对于学习型组织来说,其发展还处于成长和摸索阶段,面临的变革和挑战也就更加激烈.要想获得持久的生存和发展,保持其本质的优势,就必须增强其学习能力,面对变革时顺应自然、循序渐进、以效率为重.     

组织与创新

组织是资源集中使用的制度安排，创造了新的扩大了的生产力，组织是创新的制度保证，宽经具有创新所需要的资源能力，抗衡风险的承受能力和创新扩散的品牌效应，创新塑造了与其相适应的组织模式，表现为组织结构网络型，组织性能适应性和组织运行信息化。     

论大型企业技术创新的组织模式

虽然不同企业的技术创新体系存在很大差异,但仅从组织模式上分析,还是可以发现一些趋势性的问题。根据我国制造业企业技术创新组织系统建设的实践,归纳出了3种比较典型的企业技术创新组织模式,并对这3种典型模式的特点与内涵等相关问题进行了深入讨论。     

非营利组织发展与政府职能转变的思考

我国实行改革开放以来,各类非营利性组织得以迅速发展,它们接管了大量的政府不再承担的社会事务,在教育、扶贫、社会福利和保障以及环境保护等广泛的社会经济领域发挥着重要的作用。由于非营利组织在向社会提供公共服务、创造就业机会等方面有其独特的优势,可以接替政府的职能,因此,我国非营利组织的发展对加速政府职能的转变将会产生重要而深远的影响。