Export intensity of foreign subsidiaries of multinational enterprises: The role of trade finance availability

We examine the relationship between the role of trade finance availability and the export intensity of foreign subsidiaries of multinational enterprises (MNEs). In developing our hypotheses, we draw upon insights derived from “new” internalisation theory (international business literature) and international trade finance (international economics literature). We empirically test these hypotheses using survey data compiled from subsidiary managers in six ASEAN countries, supplemented with host-country level data. We conceptualise, empirically test, and establish that the subsidiary-level capability in combining and utilising internal and external debts is an important subsidiary-specific advantage to support export intensity. We find that subsidiaries employ intra-firm loans from MNE internal capital markets and, to some extent, bank loans from external financial institutions to boost their export intensity. Subsidiaries may have concerns about foreign exchange risks, but the use of appropriate foreign exchange risk management is positively associated with export intensity. We discuss the implications of our findings for theory and practice.     

清洁生产技术创新、治污技术创新与环境规制

本文通过数理模型,证明了环境规制对技术创新的影响存在偏向性,在环境规制强度较弱阶段偏向于促进治污技术创新,而在较强阶段偏向于促进清洁生产技术创新。并利用中国2002-2015年省际面板数据,以清洁生产技术创新水平和治污技术创新水平的比值构建技术创新偏向指数。通过广义可行最小二乘法,估计面板固定效应模型,分析环境规制与技术创新偏向指数的关系,论证了本文的理论命题。另外,企业规模偏向于促进治污技术创新,而第二产业比重的上升、国有企业比例的增加和企业研究与开发支出则显著偏向于促进清洁生产技术创新。     

The dynamic impact of bilateral trade linkages on stock market correlations of Australia and China

This article aims to examine the long-run equilibrium relationship between bilateral trade linkages and stock market correlations of Australia and China using quarterly data from 1993 to 2015. Further, this study explores the impact of trade intensity on stock market correlations using OLS, Dynamic OLS (DOLS) and Fully Modified OLS (FMOLS) models. The empirical results confirm that there is a significant long-run relationship among the variables. In addition, our results, based on OLS, DOLS and FMOLS, show that increasing trade intensity between Australia and China has a significant and positive impact on their stock market correlations. The Global Financial Crisis also contributed for their stock market interdependence. Our results therefore suggest that the bilateral trade relations between Australia and China have brought their stock markets together over time. The findings of this study offer significant policy and practical implications. The policymakers need to be aware of the economic changes in those countries as they will immediately reflect on their stock market performance and relationship. Similarly, the global investors need to be aware of the fact that the diversification opportunities between Australia and China have considerably declined over time as their markets became more interdependent in the recent past.     

The Elasticity of Poverty with respect to Sectoral Growth in Africa

The African continent has grown by more than 4 percent yearly on average during the past decade. However, the link between this remarkable growth rate and poverty reduction is neither obvious nor simple. This paper focuses on the elasticity of poverty with respect to GDP growth at the sectoral level and takes into account the fact that economic growth may affect poverty directly as well as indirectly through sectoral labor share intensity. It develops a methodology that sheds light on the contribution of sectoral growth to poverty reduction country‐by‐country in Africa, guiding policy recommendations. As the composition of growth matters at least as much as its overall intensity, it is key to identify the sectors that have the strongest impact on poverty reduction and unleash their potential; if growth happens to concentrate in sectors with scarce pro‐poor potential, like commodity‐driven growth, redistributive strategies are necessary to compensate the weak effect on poverty.     

资产专用性强度、买方抗衡势力与战略联盟——对航空公司拖欠机场费用案例的考察

民航业改革分离了机场与航空公司的所有权,使两者之间由内部关系转变为纵向市场交易关系。在纵向关系下,资产专用性强度的不对称导致了航空公司对机场的＂可置信的威胁＂和＂敲竹杠＂,同时航空公司通过增强横向市场势力形成买方抗衡势力,使得拖欠机场费用问题激化。本文运用公平市场交易和战略联盟两种模型对机场和航空公司市场绩效进行模拟测算,表明战略联盟可提高两者的效率及社会福利,是解决航空公司欠费问题的根本途径。     

守住18亿亩耕地“红线”的可行性分析——基于灰色模型GM(1,1)的预测结果的思考

随着我国经济发展和人口增长,人多地少的矛盾越来越突出,耕地面积越来越引起人们的重视。通过耕地面积与耕地保护力度的关系分析,利用灰色模型对我国的耕地面积进行了预测,分析了2020年守住18亿亩耕地的可能性。分析结果表明,2020年守住18亿亩耕地的任务十分艰巨,但不是没有可能性,关键是科学规划,落实并长期坚持最严格的耕地保护制度和最严格的节约用地制度。     

河南省产业结构调整节能研究（上）

聚焦于三次产业、产业内部结构调整,研究它与能源消耗强度下降（能源节约）的方向、困难、措施。分析表明：河南省产业结构虽经历了20多年的调整,在现有的产业结构框架下,经济增长与能源消耗呈倒U型曲线,且调整尚未到达转折点,短期内能源消耗量随着经济增长将持续增长,但从长远来看,一旦河南省进入工业化后期或者后工业化时期,产业结构调整与优化肯定能降低能源强度。提出了产业结构调整的节能建议：一是适应需求结构的变化调整产业结构;二是优先扶持发展选择符合新型工业化特点的产业,改造和提升传统支柱产业;三是大力推进＂一个载体、三个体系建设＂;四是通过促消费、引民资、扩出口,加大第三产业发展的力度、强度。     

大掺量粉煤灰混凝土在工程中应用研究

通过试验和工程实践结舍,对高寒地区超大参量粉煤灰混凝土性能进行研究。结暴表明,掺一定量的优质粉煤友的混凝土吴有良好的施工性能、力学性能和耐久性能。为指导施工,建立了大掺量粉煤灰混凝土回弹法测强曲线经验公式,这为大掺量粉煤灰混凝土在高寒地区的应用提供了理论参考。     

农业技术扩散的时间过程及空间特征分析——以陕西省苹果种植技术为例

农业科学技术只有被广大农民掌握和应用,才能转化为现实生产力,促进农业生产的发展。以陕西省苹果种植技术为例,借助"S型曲线模型"及"重力学模型"对陕西省苹果种植的时空规律进行了研究,发现陕西省苹果种植在时间序列上,其种植面积呈现在波动中上升的趋势,而在空间上,存在等级扩散与渐进扩散相结合的扩散模式,即随着空间尺度的缩减,技术扩散由明显的规模等级扩散向随距离增加扩散强度减弱的渐进式扩散转化。     

甘肃省能源消费碳排放的因素分解实证研究

本文基于碳排放量的基本等式,采用LMDI方法建立了甘肃省人均能源消费碳排放的因素分解模型,并运用1995~2008年相关数据分析了经济发展、能源强度、能源结构对甘肃省人均碳排放的影响,得出经济发展是促进甘肃人均碳排放增加的主要动力,能源强度是抑制碳排放的重要因素,而能源结构对甘肃人均碳排放变化的影响不明显。最后,结合实证研究结果,提出相应的政策性建议。