强度-总量控制下的水资源利用效率对人水和谐的影响

对2007—2016年间中国31个省(市、自治区)的人水和谐度进行评价,使用DEA模型测算全要素水资源利用效率,再利用Tobit模型探讨水资源利用效率对人水和谐度的影响关系。实证结果表明:近年来中国的人水和谐程度与水资源利用效率整体呈上升趋势;水资源强度控制和消耗总量控制政策的实施均有效地提高了中国的人水和谐度,而水资源强度和消耗总量双控政策效果更佳;水资源利用效率对东部、中部和西部地区的人水和谐度的推动作用存在差异,据此提出了相应的政策建议。     

Tradable performance standards in a dynamic context

Many sectors of the economy that are targets of emissions reduction policy exhibit price-responsive demand, long-lived capital, capacity constraints, and foresighted decision-making. I explore how these features affect the efficiency and dynamics of tradable performance standards (TPS) using analytical and numerical equilibrium models. While I show these dynamic considerations alone do not lead to conflicts with existing theory on the overall efficiency and cost-effectiveness of the TPS relative to a first-best policy, they do affect the transition path and steady state. Most notably, under all but the smallest discount rates, the TPS can lead to a more cost-effective post-transition steady state than the equivalent emissions cap. Given the intergenerational transition that comes with decarbonization, this result suggests some classes of present and future consumers may prefer a TPS to an emissions cap.     

Asymmetric impacts of ICT and energy intensity on agricultural productivity: Evidence from Asia-Pacific region

In the contemporary times of rising food insecurity and malnutrition, the agricultural sector needs more attention. This study aims to investigate the asymmetric impacts of information and communication technologies (ICTs), energy intensity, urbanization, and inequality on agricultural productivity for 20 Asia-Pacific countries from 1990 to 2020. To investigate asymmetric impacts, the study employs the panel nonlinear autoregressive distributed lag (NARDL) model. The estimated results revealed that positive and negative shocks in ICT, energy intensity, and urbanization have asymmetric impacts on agricultural productivity in the long run, whereas symmetry is observed in short-run impacts. It is found that a 1% increase (decrease) in ICT and urbanization increases (decreases) agricultural productivity by 0.292% (0.662%) and 2.717% (2.759%), respectively, whereas a 1% increase (decrease) in energy intensity decreases (increases) agricultural productivity by 0.252% (0.216%) in the long run. Furthermore, the results of the Dumitrescu-Hurlin panel causality test point out the existence of bi-directional causality between agricultural productivity and the independent variables (ICT, energy intensity, urbanization, and inequality). Based on the findings, the study suggests that the Asia-Pacific countries should increase the application of ICT and use energy more efficiently in agriculture to boost agricultural productivity.     

数字金融影响用水强度的机制及门槛效应研究

数字金融为推动节水型社会建设带来新机遇。基于我国30个省份2011—2019年数据,运用固定效应模型、中介效应模型和门槛模型,实证检验数字金融对用水强度的影响。研究表明:数字金融显著降低了用水强度,数字金融能够通过促进产业结构升级和技术创新水平间接降低用水强度,数字金融对用水强度的抑制作用具有产业结构升级的单一门槛效应和技术创新水平的双重门槛效应。因此,提出如下针对性建议:大力发展数字金融,促进节水社会建设；合理优化产业结构,充分发掘节水潜力；持续提高技术创新,加快提升用水效率。     

影响航空飞行的大雾天气研究进展评述

随着航空业的快速发展，气象因素对航空运输的影响日益凸显，其中，大雾天气是威胁航行安全的最主要因素之一。大雾天气造成中低空能见度明显下降，对航空飞行特别是飞机起飞、降落阶段危害最为严重，由此引起飞行事故和航班延误、返航备降等问题。因此，对于雾的研究及其对飞行安全影响的机理等方面，是国内外航空飞行及相关领域关注的主要内容，相关成果丰富。针对这一问题，研阅了大量研究成果和文献，概述了雾的气候特征和主要分类，分析了目前雾的主要监测手段和预报预警方法等现状，并阐述了雾对飞行的影响。旨在通过对这些成果的梳理、总结和凝练，为后续更深入的相关研究提供借鉴、参考，以期能更精准监测雾、更精确预报雾，提高空域的使用率和飞行效率，减轻雾对航空飞行的影响。     

Trade and factor intensity,and the transmission of the global shock to labor: A panel analysis of the fall of the labor income share in the Mexican manufacturing sector

The paper studies the fall of the labor income share in Mexico, contrasting the role of trade and factor intensity as transmission channels of the China shock of 2001. It finds that, while the skill, technological and —more surprisingly— trade intensity of Mexican industries were largely irrelevant, capital intensity played a key role: in particular, the higher was the industries’ initial capital intensity, the more vulnerable they were to the transmission of the global shock to labor. The finding is consistent with the proposition that industrial integration, concentrated in industries that are capital-intensive from the perspective of developing countries, facilitated the transmission of the shock. Results come from the estimation of panel equations for the annual change in the labor share across Mexican manufacturing industries, where transmission is measured by the correlation between changes in the United States and Mexican industry labor shares.     

Agricultural productivity-environmental sustainability nexus through the lens of digitalization and energy intensity in BRICS countries

The agricultural sector holds paramount implications in the economies of BRICS (Brazil, Russia, India, China, and South Africa) countries. Nevertheless, the escalating effect of climate change shows a significant and alarming threat to the actual environmental conditions required to sustain agricultural production. This study examines the potential contribution of demographic dividends, digitalization, and energy intensity in facilitating the attainment of environmental sustainability and agricultural productivity by BRICS economies from 1996 to 2020. The study first tested cross-sectional dependence, then unit roots, cointegration, and long-run elasticities using suitable econometric approaches to explore possible links between the study variables. The empirical results from the long-run estimators stated that digitalization improves agricultural production and the environment; contrarily, demographic dividend and energy intensity contribute to environmental degradation. Furthermore, the long-term improvement of agricultural production is supported by demographic dividend, GDP per capita, energy intensity, and digitalization. Also, the study reached a broad inference emphasizing bidirectional causal associations between demographic dividend, energy intensity, GDP per capita, the environment, and agricultural production. In conclusion, the study has identified robust policy options for BRICS economies that can serve as valuable guidance for policymakers in making informed decisions and implementing effective practices.     

产业数字化与完全碳排放强度——基于WIOD跨国面板的实证分析

现有研究多侧重于分析数字经济对区域碳排放总量、强度和效率的影响，鲜有文献探究产业数字化对其完全碳排放强度的影响。为弥补现有研究不足并丰富相关研究，本文基于WIOD、WDI跨国面板数据实证分析产业数字化与其完全碳排放强度之间的因果关系。研究发现，①产业数字化能降低其完全碳排放强度。该结论在替换解释和被解释变量、增加控制变量以及考虑内生性等稳健性检验后依然成立。②产业数字化通过减少中间投入进而降低了完全碳排放总量和强度，促进了产业增长与碳排放的脱钩。③数字化能降低整体农业，种植业和畜牧业，林业，制造业，整体交通运输业，陆路和管道运输，空运，仓储和运输支持活动，邮政和信使活动以及采矿业，北美和欧洲国家，发达经济体的完全碳排放强度。但对渔业，水运，水业、建筑业、住宿和餐饮业，东亚国家和不发达经济体的行业完全碳排放强度没有显著影响。同时，在高数字化行业中，数字化对其完全碳排放强度具有显著的抑制作用。     

电商异质性与线上价格离散

线上价格没有如预期一般走向收敛，反而普遍存在价格离散的情况。文章利用京东、国美、苏宁、天猫经营的六大类家电的价格数据来衡量线上价格离散度，并从电商异质性角度探讨其对于线上市场效率的影响。结果发现：首先，差异化的电商经营模式会通过调价行为、价格黏性以及消费者搜寻活动来加大价格离散程度。其次，电商平台通过其行业占有率以及市场渗透率来提高细分市场的可能性，从而加剧价格离散、降低市场效率。最后，相比平台式电商，自营式电商并没有通过增加调价频次和价格黏性来促进价格离散，反而有可能削弱自营电商的正向加剧效应。文章为线上统一市场的研究提供了新的研究思路，也为政府在电商平台监管和治理方面上提供了有益的借鉴。     

The impact of green finance on the level of decarbonization of the economies: An analysis of the United States', China's,and Russia's current agenda

With growing global concern for mainstreaming of environmental protection measures, the promotion of climate change and sustainable development policies, the international community, represented by international organizations, research institutions, and world-wide businesses, has focused on green finance. Existing research on green finance in the context of environmental trends has been reviewed in terms of the products and determinants of green finance. This study aims to assess the impact of green finance on the decarbonization of economies in the context of a review of current and potential problems and prospects. Based on the examples of the People's Republic of China, the Russian Federation, and the United States of America, the study suggests that today green finance has not yet demonstrated a tangible effect in these countries. Based on the results of the study, it can be argued that in the three countries, the main tool of green finance in the field of decarbonization is green bonds; other types of green finance are used to a limited extent. The progress of the United States and China is not so obvious, but based on the overall involvement of relevant government agencies and businesses in the green bond market, it can be assumed that the results will be observed in the near future.