专用性人力资本投资与饭店业基层员工低薪酬现象成因解释

我国饭店业正逐步演变为典型的低薪酬行业,主要表现为固定工资合约逐渐成为主导性薪酬契约,且固定工资基数水平不断下降。文章运用专用性人力资本理论,解释了在隐性知识管理机制缺失的条件下,饭店业主为什么会放弃对专用性人力资本投资收益的追求而选择固定工资合约,并进一步分析了固定工资合约的实际支付水平为什么会逐步下降,直至最终形成接近法定最低工资标准的全行业统一价格。     

Some institutional design for shareholder socialism

Abstract

In times of a declining labour share and an intense international tax competition, some form of market socialism may contribute to hold income inequality in check. However, the concept of market socialism involves three major pitfalls: cronyism, technological stagnation, and power concentration. These pitfalls could be avoided by an appropriate institutional design that includes the combination of public ownership with an extensive use of the stock market, an incentive-compatible mechanism for the takeover of private firms, and participatory democracy.     

论法治化民主的模式选择

法治与民主是宪政的两个内在要义，通过对法治化民主模式进行可行性和必要性分析，指出法治化民主模式是适合我国国情的民主模式，并对中国走向法治化民主政治提出构想，其最终目标是使中国在保持社会稳定的前提下逐步推进民主政治。     

论先秦的言论自由与舆论控制——以《管子》传播思想为中心

先秦时期就已经兴起了原始民主思想与言论自由思潮,稷下学宫就是一个自由论辩的场所,引发了百家争鸣的高潮。《管子》一书正是在这种原始民主思想、自由主义背景影响下逐渐形成的,是百家争鸣的投影。《管子》提倡言论传播的自由,要求君主要善于听取民众的意见,君臣之间、群臣之间也要做到言论传播的畅通。但是《管子》对舆论传播的控制是很严厉的,采用法制的手段实行禁止、诛罚等,客观上要求言论要＂名实相符＂,在某种程度上还反对著书立说。《管子》一方面提倡言论传播自由,另一方面又对舆论传播进行控制,这正是民主与法制这对矛盾范畴具有一定张力和弹性的体现。这对我们仍具有借鉴价值和现实意义。     

部队基层军官应急管理能力培养探析

本文分析了部队基层军官应急管理能力的要求,探讨了基层军官应急管理培养的内容,并从创新培养理念、做好整体规划、提升培养质量、拓展培养途径四个角度提出了基层军官应急管理能力培养的对策。     

Democracy, History, and Economic Performance: A Case-Study Approach

Crossnational statistical studies show a positive relationship between the length of time a country has been democratic and its economic performance. Old democracies grow faster, ceteris paribus, and also demonstrate advantages in some economic policies thought to be conducive to growth. However, the causal connections between regime history and economic policy and performance remain opaque. Arguments are highly speculative, for the causal pathways are usually difficult to measure and are not readily testable in a large-N cross-country format. In order to illuminate possible interconnections between regime history and economic performance we identify three countries in the developing world whose recent history may be regarded as illustrative: Brazil, India, and Mauritius. Our analysis of these cases focuses on the achievement of policy consensus and policy reform, both of which are commonly regarded as critical to economic performance. Intensive study of our chosen cases suggests multiple mechanisms by which democratic experience might translate into greater success on these policy dimensions.     

Does income inequality sand or grease the wheels of entrepreneurial activity? International evidence

Using a large panel of countries, this research examines the influence of income inequality on entrepreneurship. The impact of income disparities on entrepreneurship is not clear a priori—with a positive effect when inequality encourages entrepreneurship (“greasing effect”) or a negative effect when entrepreneurship discourages entrepreneurship (“sanding effect”). Our findings, across alternative measures of income inequality and even allowing for simultaneity, are consistent with the motivation or greasing effect. An equally insightful finding is that the effect of inequality switches across the prevalence of entrepreneurship—the sanding effect exists in nations with a low prevalence of entrepreneurship, and switches to a greasing effect as the prevalence of entrepreneurship increases. This is suggestive of positive network externalities from entrepreneurship—it takes a threshold level of entrepreneurship in a nation for greasing from income inequality to take hold.     

论先秦的言论自由与舆论控制——以《管子》传播思想为中心

先秦时期就已经兴起了原始民主思想与言论自由思潮,稷下学宫就是一个自由论辩的场所,引发了百家争鸣的高潮。《管子》一书正是在这种原始民主思想、自由主义背景影响下逐渐形成的,是百家争鸣的投影。《管子》提倡言论传播的自由,要求君主要善于听取民众的意见,君臣之间、群臣之间也要做到言论传播的畅通。但是《管子》对舆论传播的控制是很严厉的,采用法制的手段实行禁止、诛罚等,客观上要求言论要"名实相符",在某种程度上还反对著书立说。《管子》一方面提倡言论传播自由,另一方面又对舆论传播进行控制,这正是民主与法制这对矛盾范畴具有一定张力和弹性的体现。这对我们仍具有借鉴价值和现实意义。