Keeping Public Institutions Invested in Tobacco

Increasingly through the 1990s, tobacco control advocates questioned the practice of public institutions investing in tobacco company stocks. The questioning was framed in at least three ways. First, is it ethical to fund public expenditures with profits from a product that causes addiction and disease? Second, is it sound social policy to derive public income from a product that increases healthcare costs and reduces worker productivity? Finally, is it sound fiscal policy to invest in an historically profitable industry facing multiplying legal and regulatory challenges? While the tobacco industry preferred to restrict discussion to the fiscal question, and offered an affirmative answer, its position was weakened by depressed stock prices brought on by actions of the industry as much as by tobacco control activism. As part of a campaign to restore its credibility as an investment vehicle with public fund managers, Philip Morris (PM) commissioned a report from the influential investment managers/advisors Wilshire Associates. However, Wilshire had only recently conducted such a study for the Washington State Investment Board (WSIB), assuring the board that the value tobacco stocks added to an investment portfolio – if any – was too small to be measured. Nonetheless, within a year, Wilshire produced a report for PM which appeared to laud the investment value of tobacco and to dismiss tobacco-excluded investment alternatives. This paper examines how Wilshire produced apparently diametrically opposed reports for clients with different interests. It reveals a pattern of potential conflicts of interest among tobacco companies, financial analysis firms, investment authorities, and institutional fund managers. It demonstrates substantial violations of two generally accepted ethical principles of business consulting: veracity and transparency.     

美国医疗保健模式及其改革

由于倡导自由市场经济的文化和社会背景,美国是唯一没有实行全国统一的医疗保障制度的发达国家。本文对美国医疗保险制度、美国医院的管理运行机制、美国医疗保险付费方式的沿革进行了系统的介绍,并梳理了美国医疗保健管理模式的特点与问题,结合奥巴马政府医疗保健改革要点,对我国医疗保健体系改革提出了几点建议。     

浅析农村公共卫生产品供给的多元化体系构建

当前,是我国加快农村公共卫生产品供给体系建设、全面建设小康社会的关键时期,构建多元化的农村公共卫生产品供给体系意义重大。结合我国国情以及农村实际,我国应该构建一个以政府、市场、非营利组织以及农村民众为一体的多元化供给体系。即应加大政府的财政供给力度,为农村提供普遍性预防性产品;积极引入市场机制,通过市场向日益富裕的农村提供差异化的高端卫生产品;积极发挥非营利组织作用,为农村提供地区性和行业性特殊卫生产品;加强农村公共卫生的宣传力度,提高农民的自我满足程度与水平。     

Relationships among healthy lifestyle beliefs and body mass index in urban China

Consumption is a major driving force in China's economy. The consumer society is particularly emerging in the more urbanized and affluent regions in China. Given the rise of consumerism on the one hand, and the rise of overweight and obesity on the other, this study explored whether the proliferating consumer culture is a threat to the traditional health culture in China. The lifestyle‐oriented approach used in this study does not confirm a straightforward relationship between an upward trend in Chinese with (economic) assets to join the consumer society and a downward trend in health interest among urban Chinese. The result that the rise of the consumer society is not directly accompanied by a devaluation of health issues does not imply that lifestyle research is of no use. On the contrary, this paper successfully identified four dimensions of health‐related lifestyle for urban China, namely Food‐health Belief, Perceived Knowledge, Health Careless and Group Conformity. This result is informative with respect to the complexity of sociocultural factors influencing the increasing prevalence of overweight and obesity.     

出口鳗鱼安全生产加工技术

文章通过对鳗鱼产品的安全风险进行综合评估,建立并实施鳗鱼生产加工过程的安全检查监控体系、HACCP计划、生产批次管理和产品追溯体系,严格把好原料活鳗验收关,做好生产过程的蒸煮控制、产品金属探测、产品标识和生产批次管理,层层严格把关、科学监控,确保鳗鱼产品质量安全。     

从“责任”的角度对全民健身思考

社会需要健康、家庭需要健康、事业需要健康,维护和尊重自身健康是一种责任,本文运用文献检索法、逻辑分析法、比较法等研究方法,总结了学界对全民健身的相关研究,发现其中存在理论研究不足、缺乏用责任的理念分析全民健健身运动这一系统工程,最后提出应运用责任理念来建构未来的全民健身运动。     

陕西省理工科高校教师健康意识与体育健身行为的调查研究

本文综合运用文献资料法、问卷调查法、数理统计法等,对陕西省理工科高校教师的健康意识和体育健身的动机、空间、方法、影响因素等进行系统研究。研究结果表明:女性教师的健康意识比男性教师强,但健身行为则比男性教师差;中年教师的健康意识和体育健身行为明显比年轻教师和年老教师差,出现"两头高,中间低"的状况。为了改善这一状况,提出以下几点建议:应加强男性教师的健康意识教育,提高其自我健康意识;各高校充分利用体育教师这一自有优势资源,发挥工会作用,多组织女性教师和中年男性教师进行系统的体育健身;加大投入,改善学校和社区的体育硬件设施,提供良好的健身环境。     

运动康复与健康专业实践性教学研究与改革

运用文献资料法、问卷调查法、专家访谈法、数理统计法等方法对西安体育学院运动康复与健康专业实践教学体系进行了深入研究与系统改革,以适应目前社会对技能型人才的需求。研究表明:临床医学课程应密切与康复治疗专业课的联系,体现专业特色;应加强校内外教学实习基地建设;重视师资培训与教材建设;应采用多媒体辅助教学手段和病案教学法提高学生分析与解决问题的能力,较早建立学生的临床思维。只有这样,才能培养出高素质的康复治疗学专门人才,满足康复医学事业和人民健康事业的要求。     

青少年体质下降的社会因素分析

青少年的体魄强健,既是一个民族生命力旺盛的表征、社会文明进步的标志,更是一个国家综合实力的体现,所以青少年体质健康与否的影响远远超出了青少年个体本身。尽管青少年体质下降的影响因素是多方面,但本文旨在从社会学的角度来分析青少年体质下降的影响因素,重点分析了家庭住宅,社会意识,以及生活方式等方面与青少年体质的相关性。     

基于AD5545的可编程宽带直流信号放大器

设计了一种增益可手动数字设置或程控设置且无调节电位器的宽带直流放大器。该放大器主要以单片机MSP430和继电器组作为电路的主要控制部分,由使用D/A转换器AD5545控制的放大电路、前级信号调理电路、后级功率放大电路和滤波器组成,实现了增益连续可调的功能。该放大器在0～60dB范围内连续可调,输出信号无明显失真,在0～5MHz范围内信号可放大60dB,最大输出电压为8V。