制备二氢月桂烯醇节能创新技术应用探讨

文章阐述了二氢月桂烯醇合成关键技术的创新,对原芳樟醇生产工艺设备进行改良,采用高效的裂解技术和节能的制氢工艺制备二氢月桂烯醇,技术改造后具有明显的经济和社会效益。     

浅析氢能的开发与应用前景

随着社会的不断发展,人类对化石资源的索取也不断增强,目前已经导致化石资源的严重短缺、环境急剧恶化。如果再不找出可以替代化石资源的能源,人类将会陷入能源危机,氢具有取之不尽,燃烧热值大,并且对环境无污染等优点,成为最理想的替代品。而实现氢能开发利用的技术关键就是廉价高效的制氢技术和安全高效的储运技术。文章就目前储氢技术和储氢材料的研究进展做了简单的探讨与对比。     

炼厂用氢的低成本战略探讨

我国炼厂现在已越来越认识到加强氢气管理,优化氢气利用和降低氢气成本的重要性。从炼厂氧气资源和氧气成本、炼厂常规制氧、理论产氧量和制氢原料优化、炼厂废氢回收技术、炼厂氢气的优化利用和管理等方面进行了讨论,并通过案例分析来说明其现实性。     

过氧化氢氧化丙烯制备环氧丙烷工艺塔设备的模拟计算

对过氧化氢氧化丙烯制备环氧丙烷工艺进行了初步设计，运用软件建立了丙烯环氧化工序的全流程模型，并对主要的塔设备进行了模拟计算和参数优化，对全流程进行了模拟计算。经计算得到的模拟结果对过氧化氢氧化丙烯制备环氧丙烷工艺的工业化有一定的参考价值。     

加氢裂化装置节能对策探讨

加氢裂化原料逐渐重质化、劣质化,带来3种不利因素:一是腐蚀增加,尤其是氢气阀门内漏造成氢气浪费;二是易于结垢,对原料油高压换热器运行带来潜在的不利因素;三是燃料用量上升。因此重视和积极实施节能对策,对加氢裂化装置的长周期运转起着决定性的作用。文章对加氢裂化装置历年来采取的节能新技术、新装备和新举措进行了回顾总结。     

制氢装置副产CO2的回收与利用

分析了国内ＣＯ２的生产、消费及价格情况,并对其物理应用领域的现状和前景进行了分析,提出了中国石油锦州分公司ＣＯ２的利用方案。     

迈向“零碳”的日本氢能源社会发展研究

当前,中国面临着实现"碳排放目标"和"经济社会发展全面绿色转型"的双重紧迫任务。面临相似压力的日本选择了"氢"这种极富技术挑战但应用前景广阔的替代能源,并雄心勃勃地发展"氢能源社会",其最新进展举世瞩目。日本不但在氢能源技术突破和相关绿色产业链建设中积累了诸多经验,更重要的是凭借着绿色治理框架,通过政府、企业、社会组织等多主体的合作协同,形成了能源升级中引导企业持续技术研发和市场化推进的治理策略、"刚柔相济"的治理模式以及不同阶段差异化的治理路径。这些实践不但为中国相关现实课题的解决提供了参考,也对绿色治理理论的深化提供了契机。     

Competition in a technological niche: the cars of the future

The notion of ‘niche’ has proved to be useful to account for the emergence of radical innovations. Most studies, however, deal with the development of single emerging technologies. In this paper we address the competition between multiple niche technologies. Within the niche of the ‘car of the future’ two options compete: the battery-electric and the hydrogen car. While both are shielded from regular market forces, they have to compete in terms of R&D funding, supportive regulation and infrastructure build-up. In our case study we trace the competition in terms of design rules and expectations and show how attention for both options has alternated in three phases, which follow the high hopes and subsequent disappointments of the different component technologies. Whereas there is room for simultaneously developed, multiple options at the local level, at the global level attention and expectations seem much more focused on either the one or the other.     

非离子表面活性剂增敏催化动力学光度法测定痕量铁

研究了在硫酸介质中,以非离子表面活性剂吐温-80为增敏剂,Fe(III)催化过氧化氢氧化罗丹明B的褪色反应,以此建立了催化动力学光度法测定痕量铁。结果表明,Fe(III)的质量浓度在0~16μg/L范围内服从比尔定律,摩尔吸光系数为1.06×105 L.mol-.1cm-1。该法用于茶叶中痕量铁的分析,结果满意。     

Deliberation over new hydrogen energy technologies: evidence from two Citizens’ Panels in the UK

Hydrogen energy and hydrogen energy technologies are still largely at the experimental and demonstration project stages. If the hydrogen is produced sustainably from renewable sources, it may be a potential means of reducing carbon dioxide emissions and achieving other environmental objectives. But hydrogen technologies are still ‘emergent’ – seeking a niche to compete against incumbent technologies in stationary and mobile applications. Hydrogen fuel cell vehicles (buses and automobiles) and hydrogen refuelling stations have been developed, but they have yet to become established in the market. Much attention has been given to technical risk assessment of hydrogen as a hazardous gas, but broader ‘whole systems’ appraisals of a hydrogen infrastructure (for domestic and transport uses) are lacking. Importantly, public risk perceptions are seen as crucial factors influencing acceptance or rejection. This paper examines qualitative evidence about public attitudes towards hydrogen energy technologies and compares results from two Citizens’ Panels carried out recently in England and Wales. These Citizens’ Panels enabled selected samples of the general public to question the experts and deliberate over the issues raised. The paper highlights unresolved questions concerning ‘critical trust’ of experts and other stakeholders, and citizens’ demands for greater familiarity with the hydrogen technologies in practical, everyday settings, in order to offer judgements about their desirability and feasibility.