美国生物医学研究概况

美国国立卫生研究院（NIH）专司是美国唯一一家国家级公立生物医学研究机构，负责生物医学领域的研究和管理。在关联邦机构中，NIH掌管的研发经费仅次于国防部。本文对NIH的科研投入情况、资助计划和发展方向进行介绍和分析，旨在从宏观上把握美国生物医学的总体发展水平和重点方向。     

微波处理废水方法概况

综述了利用微波处理技术进行废水处理的几种应用方式,包括微波直接辐射处理法、微波作用于废水和活性炭(或其他物质)处理方法及微波与催化氧化相结合的废水处理方法。同时指出了利用微波技术处理废水的优缺点与展望。     

Can Poverty be Alleviated in China?

The 2000s witnessed the third poverty alleviation wave in China. Compared with its predecessors, the third wave distinguished itself by new interventions and redefined standards for the National Poor Counties. This paper evaluates the effectiveness of the new program using a data set consisting of 1,411 of China's western and central counties from 2000 to 2010. It combines the propensity score matching method with the difference‐in‐differences approach, which helps to avoid selection bias and track the policy impact on variables of interest at each time point. It is found that the non‐western local governments tended to manipulate data on income and output growth to maintain the special transfer payments disbursed exclusively to the National Poor Counties. It is also shown that the program failed to improve the infrastructure and sanitary conditions in general.     

射水抽气器影响汽轮机真空的原因及处理

针对一台25MW汽轮机组真空系统的特点,通过一次事故原因的查找,分析了因射水抽气器工作状况不良而引起的真空下降的原因,并提出了处理方法。     

东敢水库主坝区主要渗漏通道分析及防渗处理

在对病险水库的除险加固施工中,确定水库主要渗漏通道和主要渗漏区对项目施工至关重要。     

浅谈混凝土在建筑施工的应用

随着社会需求的发展和科学技术的进步,我国的建筑施工水平不断提高。混凝土的裂缝问题是施工中常见而又复杂的问题,本文在讨论混凝土在建筑施工中应用情况的同时,对混凝土工程中常常出现的一些裂缝问题进行分析。     

不良地基土的处理与加固的方法及施工工艺

重点介绍常用的不良地基土处理方法以及具体施工工艺。     

财务困境、政府干预与管理者自利

文章运用处理效应(treatment effect)模型,从财务困境视角研究了政府干预对管理者自利行为的影响。研究发现,当政府干预程度较低时,相对于未发生财务困境的公司,困境公司管理者的自利行为会有所减弱;但当政府干预程度增强时,困境公司管理者自利行为减弱的程度将趋缓。对于政府控制的公司,当金融机构信贷决策受到政府干预的影响较弱时,财务困境期间管理者自利行为会有所减弱;随着政府对金融机构信贷决策干预程度的加强,困境公司管理者自利行为趋于严重。对于非政府控制的公司,困境期间管理者自利行为对金融机构信贷决策的自主性并不敏感。     

浅谈河南电力通信综合网管系统的实用化建设

随着电力通信综合网管系统的广泛建设,实用化水平的高低已成为其能否发挥效益的关键因素。本文主要阐述了河南电力通信综合网管系统在资源入库、数据存储、方式管理、检修处理、系统互联等方面所做的实用化探索和尝试,并对未来的实用化道路提出了新的要求。     

Patterns of care and burden of chronic idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura in Brazil

Aims: Although several therapeutic options are available for chronic immune thrombocytopenic purpura (cITP), little is known about the treatment of cITP in Brazil.

Materials and methods: A multi-center, retrospective chart review, observational study was designed to describe the treatment patterns, clinical burden, resources use, and associated costs for adult patients diagnosed with cITP and treated in public and private institutions in Brazil. Patient charts were screened in reverse chronological order based on their last visit post January 1, 2012. (All costs were calculated using 1.00 USD?=?3.9571 BRL, from February 2016.)

Results: Of 340 patient charts screened, 50 patients were eligible for inclusion in the study. Single-drug therapy (prednisone, dexamethasone, or dapsone) was the most commonly used treatment, followed by combination therapies (azathioprine?+?prednisone, azathioprine?+?prednisone?+?danazol, and prednisone?+?dapsone). Splenectomy was performed in 22% of patients after at least first-line treatment. Platelet count and number of bleeding episodes at diagnosis were 31,561.1/mm³ (SD?=?±26,396.1) and 40 episodes, respectively; in first-line, 92,631.1/mm³ (SD?=?±79,955.3) and 19 episodes, respectively; in second-line, 96,950.0/mm³ (SD?=?±76,476.4) and 17 episodes, respectively. Private system patients had a higher median cost compared to public system patients (USD 17.49/month, range?=?0–2,020.77 vs USD 9.51/month, range?=?0–192.64, respectively).

Limitations: This study does not allow conclusions for causal explanations due to the cohort study design, and treatment patterns represent only the practices of physicians who have agreed to participate in the study.

Conclusions: The data indicate that available therapeutic strategies for second- and third-line therapies appear to be limited.