Taking a positive approach to organizational downsizing

We drew from the literature on positive organizational behaviour (Luthans & Youssef, 2007) to test a process model relating generalized optimism (Carver & Scheier, 1999) to the cognitions, affect, and behaviour of 237 Canadian federal government managers during and following a major organizational downsizing. Our data supported a model in which generalized optimism measured 18 months prior to the downsizing (T1) associated positively with managers' cognitions, attitudes, job performance, and self‐reported coping effectiveness measured 12 months postdownsizing (T3). Analyses suggested that some of these associations were partially mediated by a positive thinking coping strategy and expectations for future career and job success reported during the downsizing (T2). We advocate for more research that draws from the positive organizational behaviour literature to study the effects of downsizing on survivors. Copyright © 2008 ASAC. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

创导积极的节约——建设节约型社会的首要原则

本文在分析了当前几种对建设节约型社会的错误理解的基础上．探讨了节约型社会的根本内涵和意义，提出创导积极的节约是建设节约型社会的首要原则，讨论了该原则的基本内涵．指出努力贯彻积极的节约原则是政府的根本职责。     

财政赤字与积极财政政策

财政赤字是宏观调控的手段，对其评价，关键是看宏观经济状况和社会总需求小于总供给，财政赤字就是好的；社会总需求大于总供给，就不能搞财政赤字。因此，对于积极财政政策淡出的时机及其进度，需要认真选择。     

城市扶贫政策的消极性缺陷及其改进途径

认为"积极福利"的核心理念是无责任即无权利,其具体的实施维度可以丰富和重构为四个方面,即保障生活、提升资本、增加权利和增强动力,其中资本包括人力资本和社会资本.从"积极福利"的角度看,我国现行城市扶贫政策存在较为明显的消极性,即侧重于从外部对贫困者进行基本生活救助,而相对忽视了挖掘和激发贫困者自身的潜能,这不利于搞好城市扶贫工作和构建和谐社会,应营建更加积极的城市扶贫政策.     

一类泛函脉冲微分方程周期正解的存在性

利用Krasnoselskii不动点定理,讨论一类带参数的泛函脉冲微分方程多个周期正解存在的充分条件,在f(x)和I_k(x) 均为非超线性和非次线性的条件下,得到该类微分方程多个周期正解存在的一些新结果。     

Empirical Analysis of Indirect Network Effects in the Market for Personal Digital Assistants

We present a framework to measure empirically the size of indirect network effects in high-technology markets with competing incompatible technology standards. These indirect network effects arise due to inter-dependence in demand for hardware and compatible software. By modeling the joint determination of hardware sales and software availability in the market, we are able to describe the nature of demand inter-dependence and to measure the size of the indirect network effects. We apply the model to price and sales data from the industry for personal digital assistants (PDAs) along with the availability of software titles compatible with each PDA hardware standard. Our empirical results indicate significant indirect network effects. By July 2002, the network effect explains roughly 22% of the log-odds ratio of the sales of all Palm O/S compatible PDA-s to Microsoft O/S compatible PDA-s, where the remaining 78% reflects price and model features. We also use our model estimates to study the growth of the installed bases of Palm and Microsoft PDA hardware, with and without the availability of compatible third party software. We find that lack of third party software negatively impacts the evolution of the installed hardware bases of both formats. These results suggest PDA hardware firms would benefit from investing resources in increasing the provision of software for their products. We then compare the benefits of investments in software with investments in the quality of hardware technology. This exercise helps disentangle the potential for incremental hardware sales due to hardware quality improvement from that of positive feedback due to market software provision.     

关于会计理论实证研究方法的考察

本文的主要目的是评价会计理论的研究方法中实证接近方法的妥当性,找出研究方法上的错误,并提出解决这种错误的方法。文章首先分析了研究模型中假设的非现实性问题、验证可能性问题以及与规范理论的差别性问题,并以韩国和美国的经营者补偿合同为例找出了具体的错误和提出了解决方案。     

Philosophical Foundations of Workplace Spirituality: A Critical Approach

It is an undeniable reality that workplace spirituality has received growing attention during the last decade. This fact is attributable to many factors, socioeconomic, cultural and others [Hicks, D.A. 2003: Religion and the Workplace. Pluralism, Sprtituality, Leadership (Cambridge University press, Cambridge)]. However the field is full of obscurity and imprecision for the researcher, the practitioner, the organisational analyst and whoever attempts to systematically approach this relatively new inquiry field. This article attempts to provide a critical review of the literature on workplace spirituality by examining the underlying rationale of the main trends regarding spirit at Work and by negotiating their strengths and weaknesses. Current approaches to workplace spirituality are distinguished to the exploratory, contextual and the consequential, acontextual ones. Particular attention is given to ‚Respectful Pluralism’ proposed by Douglas Hicks, as it is suggested that this theoretical framework is the most well-founded, elaborated and systematic up to date. However, it is proposed that even ‚Respectful Pluralism’ fails to fully capture the complexity of such a multidimensional phenomenon as spirituality. Drawing on mainstream ethical and philosophical traditions (deontology, utilitarianism, virtue ethics) supporting alternative value-systems, it is suggested that a more inclusive and philosophically affluent framework needs to be developed. Finally, some propositions and thoughts are made towards this direction. George Gotsis is an assistant professor at the department of History and Philosophy of Science, University of Athens, Greece. His research interests include history of economic thought, business ethics and history of ideas. Zoi Kortezi is currently a research assistant at the department of History and Philosophy of Science, University of Athens, Greece. Her research interests include organisational theory, employee relations and work ethics.     

城市化对供水河流水文序列的影响分析

以西安市降水序列为参照，利用累积滤波器和Kendall秩次相关检验法检验了西安市主要供水河流黑河、沣河、灞河年径流序列的趋势性；利用有序聚类分析法推估了城市用水和郊区农业、城镇用水对各序列的显著影响干扰年份。结果表明，城市化对西安市主要河流年径流序列的影响强度由大到小依次是灞河、黑河、沣河；1965年以前，城市河流山口以上年径流序列影响相对较大，1971-1980年时段，城市河流山口以下年径流序列影响较大；突变性分析得出：主要河流山口以上年径流序列干扰年份灞河出现在1948年，入渭河流年径流序列干扰点年份灞河出现在1981年，黑河出现在1979年。黑河、灞河出山年径流序列与入渭河年径流序列突变点移动表明，城市化对河流年径流序列的影响程度山口以上河段小于山口以下至入渭河段。     

“十一五”我国农产品质量安全发展的条件和趋势分析

文章在总结农产品质量安全发展的新形势的基础上,探讨了WTO对我国农产品质量安全的影响及提高我国农产品国际竞争力的途径,同时对“十一五”安全农产品市场发展的前景与趋势进行了系统的分析,为农产品质量安全的发展指明了方向。