税务基层单位绩效考核指标的分类设计与体系构建——基于因子分析法的实证研究

现行税务基层单位的绩效考核以定性方式为主,考核结果易受主观影响。持续发展的税务事业呼唤更为客观、公正的考核体系。借助因子分析法、层次分析法等数理统计手段,在已选影响因子的基础上构建指标甄别模型,辅之以关键事件法、360度考核法等考核方法,含纳六个维度18个单项指标及经克朗巴哈系数验证的综合绩效考核指标体系能极大程度地提高税务基层单位绩效考核的科学性与合理性。     

中国社会保障制度真的“失灵”了吗？——初次分配、再分配与城乡收入差距的关系研究

在解决城乡收入差距问题上,中国社会保障分配再调节功能真的“失灵”了吗？通过在实证模型中引入初次分配状况,发现:(1)初次分配环节在根源上对收入分配格局的扭曲导致社会保障分配再调节出现“失灵”;(2)随着初次分配状况的改善,社会保障“逆向”分配的现象逐渐改善最终消失.在解决城乡收入差距中需要初次分配和社会保障分配两个环节双管齐下,而且只有从根源上改善扩大城乡收入差距的初次分配状况,社会保障的“逆向分配”作用才能有所缓解甚至消除.     

对建筑防水工程在实施中的几点思考

建筑物的防水工程是建筑工程的重要组成部分。直接关系到建筑物的使用寿命。我国的建筑防水状况一直不容乐观。文章通过总结施工经验结合相应理论,从基层、防水材料以及防水部位等方面,对防水工程的实施提出建设性意见。     

新医改背景下陕西省基层医疗机构人才建设策略

医疗卫生人才是决定基层医疗卫生服务水平的关键,也是我国医疗改革的核心问题之一。本文通过统计年鉴的数据分析和实地基层医疗机构的调查得到,基层医疗机构人才队伍参差不齐,数量缺乏、能力薄弱等多种问题。为从根本上解决问题,促进基层医疗机构发展和医疗水平的提高,在新医改政策的指导下,本文提出了加快加大基层医疗人才队伍建设几种策略。     

有效保持军队院校科研质量管理体系运行的研究

有效的运行军队院校科研质量管理体系,对提升科研产品质量,促进部队战斗力的提高,具有重要的现实意义。在分析军队院校科研工作特点的基础上,研究探讨了保持军队院校科研质量管理体系的有效运行的方法。     

Net primary production and gross domestic product in China derived from satellite imagery

Since the 1980s Chinese economic reform has greatly accelerated its economic growth while in contrast China's environment is increasingly degraded. The Chinese government has recognized that environmental protection and sustainable economic development can promote mutual and sustainable co-development of the economy and the environment as a basic national principle. This paper examines the interactions between economic development and environmental change in China that were compared and analyzed for the years 1996 and 2000. Net primary production (NPP) was selected as a proxy evaluator of ecosystems and gross domestic product (GDP) was chosen as a proxy evaluator of economic development. An NPP change map was produced with Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR) summed annual NPP imagery products. The Defense Meteorological Satellite Program's Operational Linescan System (DMSP/OLS) nighttime imagery was used to produce a Chinese GDP change map. An integrated map was produced to exhibit the combined changes of NPP and GDP. This map showed that in the regions with increased GDP, NPP decreased but the regions with no GDP change were smaller in area for NPP increase while larger in area for NPP decrease. The changing pattern of NPP varied with the developing level of GDP at province level. A province's development of GDP is controlled by its accessibility to natural resources. Interactions between NPP and GDP are greatly affected by factors of spatial location aside from human factors and natural systems' characteristics.     

城乡结合部基本农田空间布局方法研究——以南通市港闸区为例

研究目的:结合新一轮规划修编对基本农田保护区划定的最新要求,研究城乡结合部基本农田空间布局的方法。研究方法:以南通市港闸区为例,利用ArcGIS空间分析技术,采用因子加权分析法和数理统计法,选择土壤质量、实际产能、耕地趋近度、农地破碎度和连片度等因素构建基本农田布局适宜程度评价体系,依据评价单元综合得分划分适宜程度等级。研究结果:(1)港闸区基本农田布局的适宜程度由北向南逐渐降低,较适宜区域主要分布在宁启铁路和宁启高速以北的生态农业区;(2)在与相关规划协调的基础上,对照基本农田保护目标,可将宁启铁路和团结河以北集中连片的优质农地区划定为基本农田保护区。研究结论:该方法综合考虑耕地质量与集中连片等因素,在适宜程度评价的基础上划定基本农田保护区,能够有效落实新一轮规划基本农田面积不减少、质量有提高、布局总体稳定的总要求。     

Concept Mapping as a Means of Evaluating Primary School Technology Programmes

Concept mapping provides a means for teachers and pupils to represent their understanding of an area of knowledge. It has been used as a planning tool by teachers to identify a framework of specific concepts and their propositions within a topic, as an assessment tool and as a means of collaborative sharing of knowledge. Information from two primary schools would also suggest that it can be used as a means of evaluating a school programme of primary technology. Research into people's perceptions and attitudes to technology indicated that there were a number of concepts and propositions associated with this field of study. A variety of groups of people including primary children were asked to describe what they understood to be technology and this information was constructed into a concept map format. The two schools described in the study had different programmes to deliver technology within the curriculum area of environmental studies. The first school had a planned programme of technology which was taught by the head teacher of the school. The second school had technology taught by class teachers, running as a thread throughout the environmental studies programme. In the first case the children knew when they were engaged in a technological task whereas in the second case the technology was implicit and the children were not necessarily aware of any specific subject area. The children's perceptions of technology and their attitudes towards it were analysed with reference to the constructed concept map. In the school where there were specifically programmed technological tasks, the children indicated that their understandings of technology were focused towards the design process; they identified technology as designing, making, problem solving and generating ideas. In relation to the Scottish curriculum their knowledge was concentrated in the area of the outcome entitled 'Understanding and Using the Design Process'. Children in the second school indicated that their understanding of technology was related to objects including computers and new inventions. This demonstrated that their ideas were mostly linked to the outcome entitled 'Understanding and Using Technology in Society'. It can be argued that in order to have a comprehensive understanding of technology the children should have knowledge and understanding of both outcomes. In the light of the results the head teachers of the respective schools decided to look more closely at their programmes in order to find out what modifications might be made. The head teacher of the first school decided to question the children more closely because he was aware of some attitudinal difference between the boys and the girls. He has now decided to do some further research in his school to see what changes need to be made. The head teacher of the second school is about to embark on a complete review of her school technology programme. The results of the research would suggest that concept mapping in the suggested form is a possible tool for evaluation of primary school technology prorammes. However this was only a small case study and further research would have to be done to provide more substantial evidence.     

Measuring Market Power in the U.S. Aluminum Industry: A Residual Demand Approach

This paper applies a refined market power test to examine market power in the U.S. aluminum industry. The study conducts a two-step analysis in which the inverse residual demand facing the industry is first estimated to generate the associate elasticity to infer market power, and then the inverse partial residual demand facing the industry is estimated to produce the elasticity to measure the potential effect of inter-industry coordination. The results suggest that only the primary industry attains market power, and the market power can exert even without collusion between the primary and secondary industries.     

Comparisons and Contrasts Between Elementary/Primary ’School Situated Design’ and ’Workplace Design’ in Canada and England

There is a lack of evidence that examines, together, the triad of how teachers in elementary/primary schools are translating curriculum requirements for teaching design, within technology frameworks, in their classrooms, how their students then proceed with design, and how ’school situated design’ relates to ’workplace design’. This paper explores the relationships between designerly thinking and behaviours situated in classrooms and in the workplace, beliefs about how designing is learned in schools and in the ’real world’, and children’s, teachers’ and designers’ understanding of design. These are be illustrated by extracts from interviews with teachers, children and designers and evidence of designing in classrooms and in the workplace. Similarities and differences between evidence from ’school situated design’ and ’workplace design’ and from Canada and the United Kingdom (UK) are discussed. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.