Marketing strategy in emerging markets: a conceptual framework

Citing difference between emerging and developed markets, scholars highlight need for different approaches to marketing in emerging markets. In this paper, we argue that while there are some unique characteristics of emerging markets, all countries within emerging markets do not have similar levels of product penetration and consumption. As a result, it is wrong to assume that emerging markets are untapped and under-served across the product categories. To a list of characteristics identified as unique to emerging markets, we add large population as an important characteristic and discuss its strategic implications. We develop a conceptual framework that factors in combined effect of varying degrees of product penetration & consumption levels with large population of emerging market countries. The conceptual framework identifies four strategic alternatives for marketing in emerging markets. Instead of recommending any generic marketing strategy, we propose that marketers need to choose an appropriate mix of strategies aimed at primary and selective demand creation in emerging markets.     

论小学数学“做中学”情境整合教学

随着我国对教学改革的不断深入，传统的数学教学方式开始向着“做数学”这一方向改变。和以往数学的强调计算、教师固定授课的教学方式有别，“做中学”这一新的数学教学方式有着更高效的教学效率，活跃的上课氛围。     

多指标综合评价方法研究

本文用主成分分析法与层次分析法相结合,进行多指标问题的综合评价。     

Consumer use of the internet for health information: a survey of primary care patients

An increasing number of patients use the internet to obtain information about health. Although some information is available about how health professionals use the internet, little is known about how patients utilize this information. Some patients may actively seek information to assume more responsibility for their health. However, others may feel obliged to do so because of failing confidence in health care provision. Health professionals have the potential to assist patients to make sense of health information from the internet; however, they may not necessarily welcome this role. This study aims to evaluate patients’ use of such information in a primary care setting. The sample consisted of adult patients (n = 851) from two general practice populations at different levels of the socio‐economic spectrum in South Wales (UK). Patients were surveyed by questionnaire about the health information they use, including the internet. The majority of patients preferred to use their general practitioner as the main source of health information. The internet was jointly the second preferred source for information about an illness (6%). Just over half (51%) of patients in this study had access to the internet, of which about half use it to access health information. Just under a quarter (24%, n = 55) of health internet users had discussed information accessed from the internet during a subsequent consultation with a health professional. Of these, three‐quarters felt more prepared and able to participate in decision‐making about treatments. This study provides a greater understanding of how patients are making use of health‐related information from the internet. These findings can be used to help prepare health care professionals for dealing appropriately with internet‐informed patients.     

收入初次分配中的公平问题研究

分配公平问题是一个重大的社会问题,它直接关系到共同富裕目标的实现,关系到改革的成败,关系到和谐社会的建立。收入分配公平与否、或者说居民收入分配公平程度的高低,主要取决于国民收入的初次分配。当前,我国居民收入在初次分配中存在较为严重的分配不公平现象,直接导致了居民收入差距的不断扩大。调整收入分配政策、加大国民收入初次分配中居民收入所占比重、实现居民收入在初次分配中的公平,是缩小居民收入差距、实现共同富裕的基础。     

关于劳动收入初次分配公平的几个问题

劳动收入初次分配是国民收入初次分配的基本组成部分。关于劳动收入初次分配的公平有许多问题需要探讨。劳动收入初次分配公平包括分配权利、分配机会、分配条件、分配规则、分配过程和分配结果公平等多方面的内容,其中分配规则、分配过程的公平特别重要。在劳动收入初次分配中必须将公平与效率置于同等重要的地位。分配是否公平虽然无法摆脱个人主观判断,但是可以通过各种客观的内在和外在尺度进行判断。分配公平应该是社会的基本价值诉求。要实现分配公平,既需要整个社会坚持公平的价值取向,集合各种促进劳动收入初次分配公平的因素和机制,也需要遏制各种导致劳动收入初次分配不公平的因素和机制。     

美国自华进口对其经济增长的影响

本文利用协整分析与Granger因果检验方法,对美国自华进口对美国经济增长影响进行了实证研究。研究认为,美国GDP增长与美国自华制成品进口间呈反向长期均衡关系,与自华初级产品进口问则没有这种均衡关系,但美国自华制成品进口不是引致美国GDP下降的原因。美国不应将其经济增长趋缓或下降归咎于中国,中国也应通过扩大进口缓解当前的国内流动性过剩。     

中小学骨干教师培养模式研究

加强中小学骨干教师的培养,在全面实施素质教育的今天势在必行,对于提高教师队伍的整体素质具有决定性的作用,而且会对培养具有创新精神和实践能力,适应现代社会需要的学生产生直接和深远的影响。本文作者通过对不同类型的骨干教师培养模式进行研究,在中小学骨干教师培养目标、中小学骨干教师培养原则、中小学骨干教师培养管理、中小学骨干教师培养模式以及中小学骨干教师培养中应注意的问题等方面进行了阐述,与同仁共享。     

中国省级农业科学院科技资源错配及其对产出影响

优化农业科技资源配置是实现高水平农业科技自立自强、建设农业强国的重要条件，作为农业科技创新主体重要组成部分的省级农业科学院必须高效利用有限的科技资源。根据资源错配理论，构建科技资源错配模型，测算中国26个省级农业科学院2005—2019年科技人力资源、科技财力资源的相对错配指数以及科技产出损失，比较科技人力资源、科技财力资源错配对科技产出的拉动作用。研究结果表明：不同区域、不同省级农业科学院科技资源相对错配程度不同，其中华北区和西南区的科技资源错配较为严重；科技资源错配导致10%左右的科技产出损失，科技人力资源的错配是科技产出损失的主要原因；科技财力资源的错配对科技产出的拉动作用更为明显。在此基础上，提出改善农业科学院科技资源错配以便增强科技创新能力的政策建议。