Cooperation vs. competition in R&D: The role of stability of equilibrium

We consider a model in which firms first choose process R&D expenditures and then compete in an output market. We show the symmetric equilibrium under R&D competition is sometimes unstable, in which case two asymmetric equilibria must also exist. For the latter, we find, in contrast to the literature that total profits are sometimes higher with R&D competition than with research joint venture cartelization (due to the cost asymmetry of the resulting duopoly in the noncooperative case). Furthermore, these equilibria provide another instance of R&D-induced firm heterogeneity.     

Cross‐cultural tourist behaviour: a replication and extension involving Hofstede's uncertainty avoidance dimension

Hofstede's five cross‐cultural dimensions have been broadly applied in the literature. Money and Crotts recently applied the dimension of uncertainty avoidance to a matched sample comprised of low uncertainty avoidance German and high uncertainty avoidance Japanese tourists, finding their behaviours consistent with those behaviours predicted by Hofstede. This study both replicates and extends their research across a representative sample of first time leisure visitors to the USA representing 58 nations. It was found that visitors from high uncertainty avoidance cultures exhibited behaviours consistent with those of the Japanese in the Money and Crotts research, whereas visitors from low‐uncertainty avoidance cultures behaved similarly to their German subjects. Such findings, across a broad sample population, validate the original research through a more rigorous test of its propositions, provide increased confidence regarding their generalisability, and further contribute to our understanding of the influence of national culture on tourist behaviour. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley &Sons, Ltd.     

产学研相结合--新时期我国企业科技创新持续发展途径

本文列举了我国企业与高校、科研院所的科技力量分布不平衡的情况;介绍了科学研究的两种模式,产学研相结合开展技术创新,就是对这两种模式的具体运用,并深入分析了企业-高校-科研院所产学研相结合持续发展的作用机制、产学研相结合的三种形式;提出了社会各界对产学研相结合的持续发展应给予的政策支持。     

石油套管现状及其可靠性研究方向

在收集、查阅大量国内外有关套管的文献资料的基础上,结合我国生产实际和研究现状,综合分析了国内外在套管设计、生产和现场使用中存在的导致管损坏的原因、主要失效形式等问题。结合我国的套管设计及使用的具体情况,提出了进一步开展套管研究的几个方向。     

Threats to new product manufacturability and the effects of development team integration processes

The thesis of this article is that new product manufacturability (NPM) is influenced by certain challenges inherent in new product development (NPD), and by efforts to integrate manufacturing and other functional concerns into the product design process. This research tests the direct and interacting effects of these influences via a survey of 91 completed NPD projects representing a variety of manufacturing industries. While most hypotheses were supported, the analysis also provides some surprising findings. Project complexity and increased levels of design outsourcing are associated with poorer NPM. Product newness and project acceleration are associated with better NPM. All the measured aspects of development team integration are associated with better NPM, including intense manufacturing involvement, a collaborative work environment, supplier influence on the product design, and strong management support in the project. Furthermore, certain integration variables exert moderating effects on relationships between technological uncertainty, product newness, design outsourcing, project acceleration and NPM. By exposing these relationships this research extends the theory of product development influences on manufacturability beyond a focus on engineering-oriented approaches (e.g., design-for-manufacture). The results suggest that larger managerial issues must be addressed and that more contingency-oriented research is needed to explore the benefits and limitations of development team integration processes.     

化工技术研究与开发全球化的思考

介绍国外化工技术研究与开发全球化的概况。     

研究性学习的社会意义与实践价值

文章通过对社会学中互动现象的分析,从互动形式的发展渊源与形成轨迹及对教育发展的启迪,进而提出了互动学习的范式。文章从哲学、社会学的论理角度论证互动学习即研究性学习社会意义与实践价值,对国家正在开展的课程改革和推广普及研究性学习方式提出了一些有参考价值的意见     

旅游学方法论：何来“主义”之争？——与宋子千、张斌等人商榷

宋子千的《旅游研究方法论的实证主义与现象学之争》（简称《之争》）一文将申葆嘉先生的“旅游是市场经济的产物”和谢彦君教授的“旅游的本质是体验”分别作为旅游学研究中实证主义和现象学方法的代表性观点而对立起来。实际上, 不管是在当代旅游学界, 还是在申、谢两位学者之间, 都不存在关于研究方法论的“主义”之争一说。《之争》在未考虑科学研究中不同类型的问题需要不同的方法的情况下对两位学者的立场做出了武断的批评, 如果不予以澄清, 很可能会引起学术界在此类问题上的无谓甚至错误的争论, 误导学术研究的方向。同时, 《之争》在现象学的分析和技术理性等概念的使用上还有诸多值得商榷之处, 另有若干细节问题亦需要进一步澄清。鉴于旅游学在我国的发展还处于较为初步的阶段, 对旅游学基础理论的讨论必须秉持客观、严谨和科学的态度, 该文旨在与《之争》中的若干观点做一些商榷性的讨论。     

中日科研资助体系对比研究及启示

自2015年来深化科技体制改革进入关键期,再造国家科研资助体系提上日程。从竞争性与非竞争性的二元结构资助体系、产学合作政策两个维度,对比分析中日两国的科研资助体系发现,当前我国还存在非竞争性科研经费比例偏低、竞争性资助计划覆盖领域和人群不够充分、对产学研合作的政策引导尚存不足等问题。因此,还需进一步优化科研资助体系,使其在二元结构、覆盖面等方面更加合理,并强化对产学研合作的政策规范和引导。